Otú E Si Malite Ịkpọ Ụbọ Akwara

Trombone bụ otu n'ime ngwá ọrụ ọla kọpa kachasị ochie ka na-eji eme ihe, usoro ọmụmụ ya na-agbatị na Late Renaissance. Aha ngwá ọrụ ahụ sitere na Italian tromba (FLT: 0) (trombet) na mgbakwunye na-abawanye na FLT: 2-one (FLT: 3), nke pụtara "nnukwu opi".

Onye bu ụzọ nke trombone nke oge a bụ sackbut nke a na-akpọ FLT:0, nke a na-akpọsa n'asụsụ Bekee site na narị afọ nke 15 ruo nke 17. Sackbut nwere obere ụda na mgbịrịgba dị warara karịa ngwá ọrụ nke oge a, na-emepụta ụda dị nro, nke dị nro karị nke dabara adaba maka ịba ụba olu na egwu ụka na egwu egwu. A na-ewu ya n'ọtụtụ nha. Ọ bụ soprano, alto, tenor, na bass nke na-eme ka ezinụlọ trombone zuru oke.

Otú E Si Kpaa Ihe n'Oge Baroque na Oge Ochie

N'oge Baroque (c. 16001750), trombone ka na-akpọ sackbut n'ọtụtụ isi mmalite hụrụ ebe obibi ya bụ isi na egwu dị nsọ. Na Venice, Giovanni Gabrieli dere nke ọma maka ọtụtụ trombones na ọrụ ya na-eguzogide egwu maka St. Mark's Basilica, na-eji ikike nke ngwá ọrụ ahụ iji gosipụta n'ụzọ doro anya na nnukwu oghere. Na Germany, Bachatas na-ejikarị ụda olu Johann Sebastian Bach na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ụda olu dị iche iche na-enye nkwado harmonic na agba dị egwu.

Oge Classical bụ oge ntụgharị. Ka ederede egwu na-etolite, trombone malitere ịkwaga site na ụka gaa na ụlọ oriri na ọ theụ andụ na opera. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart dere maka trombones na Don Giovanni na FlT: 3 (akụkụ a ma ama nke Commendatore) na na Requiem ya, na-eji ụda olu dị arọ nke ngwá ahụ gosipụta ihe karịrị okike na ihe omume.

Narị Afọ nke 19: A Na-emepụta Ụgbọ Egwú Trombone nke Oge A

Narị afọ nke 19 wetara mgbanwe dị mkpa na nhazi na iwu nke trombone. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ihe eji eji ọla kọpa eme ihe nakweere valvụ iji bụrụ nke zuru oke chromatic, trombone chekwaa slide ya nke ukwuu, nke bụ ihe akaebe nke arụmọrụ nke slide maka ịmepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ chromatic zuru oke. Agbanyeghị, ndị na-emepụta mere ka mma dị ukwuu na usoro slide: a na-emeziwanye ihe mkpuchi na nkpuchi aka, a na-edozi eriri cylindrical, ma na-eme ka sọks (ọnụ ndị na-eme ka ọkpụrụkpụ nke eriri slide dị n'ime) zuru oke iji belata esemokwu ma hụ na ikuku na-eguzogide. Ihe ndị a mere ka ndị egwuregwu nwee ike ịkwaga ngwa ngwa ma nwee ntụkwasị obi karị n'etiti ọnọdụ.

Otu n'ime mmepe kachasị mkpa bụ mmeghe nke FLT:0 F-mgbakwunye na etiti narị afọ nke 19. Nke a bụ valvụ na-atụgharịgharị ikuku site na eriri ọkpọkọ mgbe ejiri ya, na-ebelata ụda ntọala nke ngwá ọrụ ahụ site na nke anọ zuru oke. F-mgbakwunye, nke a na-etinye na azụ nke mpaghara mgbịrịgba, nyere ndị na-egwu egwu ohere ịnweta ụda dị ala (n'okpuru pedal B na n'okpuru) ma nye ọnọdụ slide ọzọ maka usoro dị nro na mkpịsị aka dị nkọ.

N'otu oge ahụ, nha nke oghere toro site na akụkụ dị warara nke sackbut (ihe dị ka 1011 mm) ruo oghere dị n'etiti na nnukwu nke taa (12.2 mm ruo 14.5 mm). Oghere dị obosara na-emepụta ụda dị ọchịchịrị, nke na-atụgharị uche nke dabara adaba maka nnukwu ndị egwu egwu nke oge Romantic. Ndị na-ese ihe dịka Richard Wagner, Gustav Mahler, na Richard Strauss dere ọtụtụ maka trombones, na-achọ ma ike na subtlety. Ọrụ nke ngwá ahụ gbasaa site na ịkwado nkwekọ na akụkụ solo, dị ka na trombone solo ama ama ama na Berlioz's Hungarian March ma ọ bụ na Mahler's symphonies.

Otú E Si Chepụta Trombone nke Oge A

Usoro nke Slide

Njirimara na-akọwa nke trombone bụ slide yaa tube abụọ a na-etinye n'ụzọ ziri ezi nke na-aga n'ihu na azụ iji gbanwee ogologo nke ogidi ikuku. Slide ahụ mejupụtara slide dị n'ime (otu ụzọ abụọ yiri ya) nke ejikọtara ọnụ ọnụ na mpaghara mgbịrịgba, na slide dị n'èzí (otu ụzọ abụọ buru ibu) nke na-agagharị. slide ndị dị ugbu a na-eji ngwakọta nickel-ọla na ọla kọpa, na-ejikarị chrome siri ike na-ekpuchi akpa ahụ iji belata esemokwu. slide ahụ ga-abụrịrịrịrị kwụ ọtọ ma kwụnyere iji zere ijikọ, ọkọlọtọ nke enwetara site na ọrụ lathe na ịkpụ. Ọnọdụ slide asaa (site na nke mbụ, mechiri emechi, nke asaa, gbatịrị) kwekọrọ na usoro harmonics nkịtị, na-enye onye ọkpụkpọ ohere ịmepụta usoro chromatic zuru oke nke nwere oktọọ atọ.

Ihe Ndị E Ji Emepụta Ihe, Ụbọ Akụ, na Ihe Ndị E Ji Emepụta Ihe

Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ihe dị ka otu narị afọ gara aga, ọ bụ ihe dị ka otu narị afọ gara aga ka ọ dị ka ọ dị na mbụ. Ọ bụ ihe dị ka otu narị afọ gara aga ka ọ dị na mbụ.

Bell diamita na ihe onwunwe na-akpụkwa ụda ahụ. A mgbịrịgba nke 8 ruo 9 sentimita asatọ (2023 cm) bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị maka trombones tenor; mgbịrịgba buru ibu na-emepụta mmegharị ka ukwuu. ọla edo odo (70% ọla kọpa, 30% zinc) na-enye ụda na-enwu gbaa; ọla edo edo edo (85% ọla kọpa, 15% zinc) na-enye ụda na-ekpo ọkụ, dị ọchịchịrị; ọla edo (90% ọla kọpa) na-eji mgbe ụfọdụ maka ụda ndị ka ọchịchịrị. ọla edo (85% ọla kọpa, 15% zinc, mgbe mgbe na obere ego nke tin) na-ewu ewu na ngwa ngwa dị elu maka nguzozi nke okpomọkụ na nghọta ya.

Ihe ndị dị n'ime ya

Ọ bụ ezie na slide ahụ ka bụ isi, ọtụtụ trombones nke oge a na-etinye valvụ maka oke dịgasị iche iche na mgbanwe. Ọbụna mgbakwunye F-FT (nke FT: 0) bụ nke kachasị ewu ewu, mana ụfọdụ trombones tenor nwere valvụ nke abụọ (E ma ọ bụ D) iji mee ka ụzọ dị ala dị mfe ma nye ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ. Bass trombones na-enwekarị valvụ abụọ dị iche iche (F na D, ma ọ bụ F na G) nke enwere ike iji naanị ya ma ọ bụ jikọta ọnụ iji mepụta njikọta dị iche iche nke ogologo ọkpọkọ. Ọbụna contrabass trombone (tinye na F ma ọ bụ B) nwere ike iji valvụ ndị ọzọ jikwaa ogologo ya.

Ụdị nke Trombone

Ezinụlọ trombone dịgasị iche iche, na-agụnye ngwá egwú ndị sitere na soprano kachasị elu ruo na contrabass kachasị omimi.

Soprano Trombone

A na-etinye ya na B otu octave n'elu tenor, soprano trombone bụ onye kasị nta n'ime ezinụlọ ahụ. Ọ na-adịkarịghị na-egosi na orchestras nke oge a mana a na-ewu ya mgbe ụfọdụ maka ìgwè egwu, arụmọrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme, ma ọ bụ dị ka ngwá ọrụ ọhụụ.

Alto Trombone

E nyere ya na E (nke anọ n'elu tenor), trombone alto bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'oge Classical na oge mbụ nke Romantic. Ọ bụ ngwá eji eme ihe maka akụkụ mbụ nke trombone n'ọtụtụ ọrụ ụka na nke ndị egwu egwu, gụnyere Mozart's Requiem na Beethoven's symphonies. Olu alto dị nkọ, nke dị ngwa ngwa gosipụtara na ọ dị mma maka ihe ndị dị na soprano. Na narị afọ nke 20, trombone alto dara na ejiji, mana ọ nwere mmeghachi omume na arụmọrụ oge-ngwa na n'etiti ndị ọkpụkpọ oge a na-achọ ụda dị mma maka repertoire site na 1700s na 1800s.

Tenor Trombone

The tenor trombone, pitched na B, bụ ọkọlọtọ. Ọ na-abịa na abụọ isi configurations: na FLT:0 (enweghị valvụ) na FLT: 2 tenor na F-mgbakwụnye. The straight tenor na-akwado na jazz, ọla kọpa, na oge ochie music, mgbe F-mgbakwụnye tenor bụ orchestral workhorse.

Bass Trombone

Nnukwu ma dị ala karịa tenor, bass trombone na-agbanye na B (mgbe ụfọdụ na F ma ọ bụ G isi) ma nwee oghere dị wider (na-abụkarị 0.562 sentimita asatọ ma ọ bụ karịa) na nnukwu ụda (ruo 10.5 sentimita asatọ). A bass trombone oge a fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ dịkarịa ala otu valvụ (na-abụkarị na F) na mgbe mgbe nke abụọ (D ma ọ bụ G). Nchikota nke valvụ na slide na-enye ndị na-egwu ohere ịmepụta ihe edeturu ruo pedal B na ọbụna ala (contra B).

Trombone bụ onye na-agba bọọlụ

A na-etinye trombone contrabass na-agba egwu n'okpuru tenor (na B ma ọ bụ F), ọ bụ nnukwu nke ezinụlọ ahụ. Ihe ngosi ya dị oke ogologo, ọtụtụ ngwá ọrụ na-ejikwa slide abụọ ma ọ bụ valvụ iji belata mgbatị anụ ahụ achọrọ. Trombone contrabass dị obere, na-apụta na ọrụ orchestral ole na ole nke Wagner, Strauss, na ndị ode akwụkwọ oge a. A na-ejikwa ya na ụfọdụ tuba-euphonium ensemble maka mmetụta dị ala nke ndekọ.

Ụdị Ndị Ọzọ

The FlT:0 valve trombone, nke na-eji atọ ma ọ bụ anọ valves kama a slide, ụtọ ewu ewu na 19th narị afọ agha ìgwè na-aga n'ihu na ụfọdụ omenala ndị mmadụ, karịsịa na Eastern Europe na South America. The FlT:2 cimbasso, ọ bụ ezie na technically a ngwakọ n'etiti a valve trombone na a tuba, na-akpọkarị site trombonists na Italian opera orchestras maka ya miri emi, ọchịchịrị ụda. The FlT:4 superbone bụ a oge a ngwakọ na-ejikọta slide na valves, eji site adventurous jazz na oge a na-egwu egwu.

Ụda Ọgba Egwú n'ụdị Egwú Dị Iche Iche

Ịdị mma nke trombone emeela ka ọ dịrị n'ọtụtụ ụdị egwu, nke ọ bụla na-eji ụda na usoro pụrụ iche ya.

  • [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [5] [5] [5] [5] [5] [6] [6] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [7] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [8] [9] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10] [10]
  • Jazz: Flt:0 The trombone slide na-enye ohere maka okwu glisandos na smears na-isi nke jazz asụsụ. Site n'oge ọsụ ụzọ dị ka Jack Teagarden na Kid Ory na bebop innovator JJ Johnson na oge a masters Robin Eubanks na Steve Turre.
  • Brass na Concert Bands: Na British brass bands, trombone ngalaba (na-emekarị abụọ tenors na otu bass) na-enye harmonic filler na melodic solo.
  • Flutter na ndị agha bands: Flutter bands na-arụ ọrụ n'èzí ma bụrụkwa ụkpụrụ na bands bands ma ọ bụ dịka akụkụ nke akara ọla, na-ejikarị mmetụta ngosi ngosi.
  • Akwukwo egwu: Flt:0 The trombone na-agbakwunye ụda na flt: 3 (Earth, Wind & Fire s horn section), flt: 4ska (The Specials, Reel Big Fish), flt: 6 rock (Chicago, Tower of Power), na flt: 8 Latin music (trombone-eduzi ìgwè dị ka Spanish Harlem Orchestra).
  • Ndị na-egwu egwu oge a na ndị Avant-Garde: Flt: 1 Na-enyocha usoro ndị dị ka multiphonics, na-asụ ude, na-asụ ude, na microtonal glissandi site n'aka ndị na-egwu egwu oge a dị ka Ab Conant na Willem van der Malen.

Ndị Egwuregwu na Ndị Nkụzi A Ma Ama

Ọtụtụ ndị na-egwu egwu egwu egwu emeela ka ihe dị iche iche dị na ngwá ọrụ ahụ dịkwuo mma ma mee ka ọ bụrụ ụda olu. Christian Lindberg (a mụrụ na 1958) bụ onye mbụ na-egwu egwu egwu egwu egwu egwu egwu egwu, na-enye ọrụ ma na-ebupụta ihe karịrị ọrụ 200. Joseph Alessi (New York Philharmonic) amaara maka usoro ya na ịma mma ụda ya. Na jazz, J.J. Johnson (a mụrụ na 1958) gbanwere ụda olu site na ngwa egwu egwu na ụda olu solo.

Ihe Ndị Na-eme n'Ụlọ Ọrụ Taa: Ịzụlite Ihe na Ịzụlite Ihe

N'oge a, ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta trombone bụ ụlọ ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke ndị na-emepụta ya gụnyere Conn-Selmer (USA), Bach (FLT:3), Yamaha (Japan), B&S (Germany), M&W Custom Trombones (Germany), na Rath Trombones (UK).

Mmụta Trombone bụ ihe e guzobere nke ọma n'ụwa nile, na mmemme raara onwe ya nye na ụlọ akwụkwọ Conservatories, mahadum, na ememme okpomọkụ. Mgbasawanye nke ihe onwunwe n'ịntanetịYouTube masterclasses, akwụkwọ akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ dịka International Trombone Association JournalFLT:1, na obodo mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta enyerela aka ịgbasa usoro na ihe omume ụwa. A na-aga n'ihu na-ede akwụkwọ maka ngwá ọrụ ahụ, site na egwu egwu na egwu egwu na-agụnye ihe ndị nwere ike ịntanetị. Ikike pụrụ iche nke trombone iji gbanye n'etiti oghere, na-akwado fortissimo dị ike, ma jikọta n'ime otu nchịkọta na-eme ka ọ dị mkpa na ụdị ochie na nke ọhụrụ.

N'ikpeazụ, e nwere ihe ndị Trombone ji ndụ ya niile chụọ àjà.

Site na Renaissance sackbut ruo na F-mgbakwunye tenor nke oge a, trombone agbanweela na imewe na-echekwa njirimara ya: ngwá ọrụ nke okwu dị ka olu na ọnụnọ na-achịkwa. Usoro slide ya, nke agbanwebeghị na ụkpụrụ maka ihe karịrị afọ 500, na-enye njikọ kpọmkwem n'etiti onye na-egwu egwu na ụda nke valvụ enweghị ike imeghachi. Ezinụlọ trombone soprano, alto, tenor, bass, na contrabassna-enye palette site na ọla kọpa kachasị elu ruo na ụda kachasị omimi. Ma n'aka onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-eme ihe nkiri jazz, onye na-eme ihe nkiri ọla kọpa, ma ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri funk, trombone na-anọgide na-abụ olu dị egwu, nke a na-apụghị ịgbanwere na ụwa egwu. Ka egwu egwu na-aga n'ihu na-akwalite usoro ya na ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ndị na-egwu egwu ya, ọ ga-abịa na-agbanwe agbanwe maka ọtụtụ narị afọ.