Table of Contents

Ƙwarewar sauyawa tsakanin ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon

Fahimtar Littafin Ƙaho

Kafin ka zurfafa cikin takamaiman fasaha, yana da mahimmanci a bayyana a fili abin da muke nufi da register a kan ƙaho. An rarraba zangon ƙaho a cikin manyan yankuna uku, kowannensu yana da nasa saitin tashin bakuna, saurin iska, da jerin kayan aiki.

  • Low Register: (FLT: 1) Yawanci yana daga mafi ƙarancin sautin da za a iya wasa (sau da yawa F# a ƙasa da tsakiyar C) har zuwa tsakiyar C (C4). Wannan rijistar yana buƙatar kwanciyar hankali, iska mai jinkiri, da kuma fadiwar bakararre. Sautin yana da duhu kuma mai laushi, amma zai iya zama mai sauƙi ko rashin ƙarfi idan an yi amfani da matsin lamba sosai.
  • FLT:0]]Middle Register: Ya faɗaɗa daga tsakiyar C (C4) zuwa G a sama da sandar (G5). Wannan shine ainihin sautin ƙaho kuma mafi kyawun kewayon ga yawancin 'yan wasa. Kyakkyawan aiki a cikin wannan rijistar yana gina tushe don mafi girma da ƙananan matsananci.
  • Babban rajista: Bayanan kula a sama da G5, gami da ma'aikatan sama (layin saman F, A, C, da sauransu) da kuma bayan zuwa zangon ƙaho. Wannan rijista yana buƙatar iska mai sauri, ƙofar da aka fi mayar da hankali, da kuma kula da matsayin harshe. Sautin ya kamata ya kasance mai haske da kuma nunawa ba tare da zama mai tsauri ko tilasta ba.

Kowane rajista yana haɗuwa da maƙwabta, kuma yankunan sauyawa alal misali, canjin daga tsakiya zuwa sama a kusa da G5 a sama da ma'aikata sune inda yawancin matsaloli ke faruwa.

Halin Da Aka Yi na Sauyawa a Rubuce-rubucen

Yin aiki mai kyau na rijista ya dogara ne da daidaitaccen aiki na abubuwa da yawa na jiki.

Tallafin numfashi: Flt: 1 Dole ne diaphragm da tsokoki na tsakiya su samar da madaidaicin iska mai matsin lamba. Lokacin da aka matsa zuwa ƙarar ƙaho mafi girma, saurin iska dole ne ya ƙaru ba tare da yawan numfashi ba. Yi tunanin shi kamar busa ƙanƙanta, saurin iska mai sauri da fadi, mai jinkiri duka biyu na iya fitowa daga numfashi mai zurfi ɗaya idan ƙofar da harshe sun tsara kwararar daidai.

A cikin ƙananan rajista, buɗewar lebe ya fi girma kuma ya fi annashuwa; don manyan sautunan, buɗewar ta ƙuntata kuma tashin hankali na lebe ya ƙaru kaɗan. Muhimmanci, wannan canji dole ne ya zo daga kusurwoyin bakin yana taƙaitawa ciki, ba daga matsin lamba na bakin bakin ba zuwa lebe.

Harshe yana aiki azaman mai daidaita yanayin yanayin iska da saurin iska a cikin bakinsa. Don ƙananan sautin, harshen yana ƙasa a cikin bakinsa, yana haifar da babban ɗakin (kamar sautin AH). Don sautin da ya fi girma, harshen yana taƙaitawa zuwa sama, yana taƙaita tashar iska (kamar sautin EE). Wannan canjin yana da kyau amma yana shafar yadda iska ke kusanci lebe.

Matsayin wuya: (FLT: 1) An buɗe, kwanciyar hankali a cikin wuya yana da mahimmanci a duk faɗin. Duk wani ƙuntatawa a cikin wuya (galibi ana haifar da tashin hankali ko babban matsin numfashi) zai ƙuntata sauti kuma ya haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali yayin canje-canjen rajista. Yi tunanin yawning don kiyaye ƙuƙwalwar buɗe yayin da har yanzu ke jagorantar iska gaba.

Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdig

A nan za mu bincika manyan fasahohi da ke inganta kwararar tsakanin rajista kai tsaye.

Taimako na numfashi: Gidauniyar

Ba tare da iska mai aminci ba, babu canjin rajista zai iya zama mai santsi. Fara da motsa jiki na numfashi wanda ke haɓaka zurfin numfashi, diaphragmatic. Sanya hannayenku a ƙananan gashin jikinku; yayin da kuke numfashi, rib cage ya kamata ya faɗaɗa waje, ba kafadu ba. Fitar da numfashi tare da sarrafawa hisss na sakan 10-15, sannan ci gaba zuwa busawa ta cikin ƙaho ba tare da busawa iska da juriya kawai na bakin ba.

Lokacin da kake canzawa zuwa sama, gani iska tana motsawa da sauri, ba wuya ba. Kuskuren da aka saba shi ne busawa da ƙarfi, wanda ke matsawa da bakin. Madadin haka, yi tunanin mai da hankali, babban saurin gudu kamar laser. Yi aiki da kunna sautin dogon sauti guda ɗaya a cikin rijistar tsakiya, sannan ka yi girma zuwa wani sautin mafi girma ba tare da canza yatsunsu ba ji saurin iska yana hanzarta. Wannan yana gina hanyar jijiya don saurin saurin rajista.

Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙ

Dole ne ƙofarku ta kasance mai sassauƙa, ba mai tauri ba. Don haɓaka wannan, yi aiki da ɗan ƙaramin busawa a kan murfin kawai, yana zamewa daga ƙananan zuwa manyan wurare ba tare da yin fasa ba.

Wani motsa jiki mai taimako shine tsarin lip bubble ko puh-pah-puh: Yi wasa da bayanin kula a cikin rijistar tsakiya kuma saki shi tare da iska kawai (ba sauti ba), sannan nan da nan ƙirƙirar ƙofar don bayanin kula da ke da matakan da yawa kuma sake shiga. Wannan yana koyar da saurin sake saiti na kwatsam amma mai santsi da ake buƙata don tsalle.

Matsayin Harshen da Harsunan Harsuna

Kamar yadda aka ambata, harshe yana canza saurin iska da mayar da hankali. Yi amfani da kalmomin AH (ƙananan) da EE (babba) yayin wasa a sikelin ba tare da yin magana ba. Don yin rajista mai ƙaranci, kiyaye harshe a kwance. Yayin da kake hawa, a hankali ka ɗaga bayan harshe don jin iska tana hanzarta. Wannan za'a iya yin shi tare da ma'auni masu sauƙi: kunna babban sikelin C daga ƙananan C zuwa babban C, tunani da hankali AH don ƙananan sautunan kuma canzawa zuwa EE a kusa da G a sama da ma'aikatan.

Kayan aikin bawul mai inganci

Motsi na bawul mai mahimmanci ko rashin saurin yatsun yatsun zai iya lalata kwararar iska kuma ya haifar da hutu. Yi aiki da ma'auni tare da metronome, tabbatar da cewa bawul ɗinku ya rufe daidai lokacin da iska ta fara. Rage ɗaga yatsun yatsunku tsakanin bayanan mirgine a cikin bawul ɗin cikin sauƙi. Shahararren Arbans Bambance akan Jigo daga Cikakken Hanyar Kulawa yana da kyau sosai don gina fasahar bawul mai ruwa a duk rajista.

Matsayin Saki

Tensiyon abokin gaba ne na sauye-sauye masu santsi. Yawancin 'yan wasa suna taƙaita kafadu, jaws, ko wuya yayin motsawa sama, wanda ke hana iska kuma yana sa ƙofar ta kulle. Yi aikin duba jiki kafin wasa: kafadu a ƙasa, wuyansa a buɗe, jaws a buɗe. Lokacin da kake yin sauye-sauye masu rijista, tsayawa sau da yawa kuma numfashi sosai kafin sake farawa. Idan kuna jin gajiya ko cramps, tabbas kuna riƙe da tashin hankali. Gina ƙarfin shakatawa ta hanyar nazarin sassauci mai kwazo na FLT wanda ke ba da fifiko ga sauƙi akan iko.

Ayyukan da aka yi amfani da su don sauyawa a cikin rajista

Idan aka yi waɗannan ayyukan a kai a kai, za su taimaka wa tsokoki su riƙa tuna abin da suka yi.

Sautin Sauti Mai Tsawo da Crescendo da Diminuendo

Yi wasa da bayanin kula a cikin ƙananan rajista don 8 beats a cikin motsi mai sauƙi. Sa'an nan, ba tare da motsa murfin ba, yi amfani da iska da bakin kawai don motsawa a cikin rabin mataki (ko mataki ɗaya idan zai yiwu) yayin da yake kula da sautin.

Maganar Maganar Magana ta Ƙari

Fara da sauƙaƙan ƙuƙwalwa biyu tsakanin C da G (duka a cikin sandar). Ci gaba da haɗuwa da bawul iri ɗaya (buɗe), kuma bari ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa da iska suyi aiki. Sannu a hankali fadada lokacin C zuwa babban C (octave), sannan C zuwa E a sama, da dai sauransu. Mayar da hankali kan feel na canjin saurin iska. Ga 'yan wasa na tsakiya, yi aikin daidaitaccen motsa jiki na ƙuƙwalwar lebe daga aikin farko na Arban a sashin Slurs: yi wasa da C (low), E, G, C (tsakiya), yana zamewa baya. Kula da iska mai ƙarfi a duk lokacin.

Tsarin Girma tare da Canjin Rubuce-rubuce

Yi wasa da babban sikelin C a kan biyu octaves sannu a hankali. A kowane iyakar rajista (misali, G zuwa A a sama da sandar), a hankali shirya matsayin harshenka da saurin iska a gaba. Hakanan zaka iya yin aikin register scale wanda zaka kunna wata sanarwa a cikin rijistar tsakiya, sannan ka tsalle zuwa na biyar ko octave kuma nan da nan ka kunna sautin gaba na sikelin. Misali: wasa C, sannan babban G, sannan D, sannan babban A, da sauransu Wannan yana horar da kwakwalwa don sa ran canji.

Nazarin Nisa daga Clarke da Arban

Herbert L. Clarkes Nazarin fasaha don CornetFLT:1 ya ƙunshi takamaiman motsa jiki don rajistar slurs da tsalle-tsalle na matsakaici musamman Nazarin Na biyu (kalma slurs a kan buɗe bayanan rubutu) da Nazarin Na uku (sliding a kan haɗin ɓangaren). Hanyar Arban ta haɗa da shahararren Nazarin Fourteen don jimiri da sassauci. Yi waɗannan a hankali tare da metronome, yana nufin kai hari mai tsabta akan kowane bayanin kula ba tare da bobbles ba.

Horar da Tsalle-tsalle

Rubuta ko haddace wani tsari na tsalle-tsalle masu faɗi (octaves, goma, har ma da tsalle-tsalle biyu). Misali: kunna low C (low register), sannan nan da nan high C (mid register) ba tare da yin magana da sautin na biyu ba, ta amfani da slur. Idan ya fashe, daidaita iska da bakin ku kuma sake gwadawa. Fara da ƙananan tsalle kuma a hankali ƙara zangon. Yi amfani da mai saiti don bincika sautin a kan sautin biyu; sau da yawa, sautin na biyu zai zama mai kaifi ko lebur saboda yawan caji.

Matsaloli da Za a Iya Bi da Su

Ko da 'yan wasa masu ƙwazo suna fuskantar matsaloli.

Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙ

Wannan yawanci sakamakon wani gaggawa canji a cikin iska goyon baya ko embouchure. Don gyara shi, yi aiki da slow glissandos (slides) tsakanin da notes ba tare da tonguing. ji da m canji. Har ila yau, duba numfashin ku kana goyon bayan a lokacin da dukan canji? sau da yawa, 'yan wasan dakatar da iska gajere a lokacin da hannayenku motsi. Ka ci gaba da gudana, ko da a lokacin da bawul canje-canje.

Rashin Tsayayyar Ruwa

Idan bayanan suna karuwa yayin da kake motsa rajista, yi amfani da mai saiti kuma kunna dogon sautin a mahaɗin tsakanin rajista. Misali, kunna F a layin saman sannan G a sama da sandar, daidaita kowane bayanin kula da mai saiti. Gyara matsayin harshenka da saurin iska har sai duka sun kasance a tsakiyar. Hakanan ka tabbata ba ka jan murfin murya da ƙarfi a kan lebe yayin da kake hawa wannan yawanci yana kara sautin.

Muryar Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙ

Sautin da ke cikin babban akwatin rubutu sau da yawa yakan fito ne daga matsin lamba mai yawa ko kuma daga ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa. Ka kwantar da hanci kuma ka yi tunanin iska a matsayin ƙanƙanta, mai dumi maimakon fashewar sanyi. Sautunan da aka yi ta busawa (ƙazantawa) na iya nuna cewa iska ta wuce kima don saitin ƙwanƙwasawar yanzu. Ka ɗan janye iska kaɗan kuma ka ƙara gudu.

Gajiya da Ƙarfafa Ƙarfi

Gina jimiri don wasa a cikin rajista yana buƙatar haƙuri. Yi aiki a cikin gajeren lokaci: mintuna 15 da aka mai da hankali kan sauye-sauyen rajista, sannan ku huta muddin kun yi wasa. A cikin makonni, ƙara lokaci. Haɗa yawan murya mai murya a cikin aikinku yana gina tsokoki ba tare da juriya ba, yana ba da damar yin aiki na tsawon lokaci ba tare da gajiya ba. Hakanan, wannan jagorar Yamaha akan busa ƙaho yana ba da haske game da kula da ƙofar lafiya.

Yin Koyarwa da Sauraro

Kafin ka kunna shi, ka ji yadda ake canja wurin da kake so. Ka yi amfani da lokaci wajen sauraron manyan mawaƙa kamar Maurice André, Wynton Marsalis, ko Alison Balsom kuma ka mai da hankali ga yadda suke motsawa tsakanin mawaƙa. Ka lura da santsi, kusan na lantarki na layin su. Ka yi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da wannan sauti.

Wani fasaha mai tasiri shine ganin yadda ake yin sauyi yayin da kake shakatawa gaba ɗaya daga tunaninka. Nazarin ilimin halayyar wasanni ya nuna cewa atisayen tunani suna kunna hanyoyin jijiyoyin jiki iri ɗaya kamar aikin jiki. Kafin wani mawuyacin lokaci, rufe idanunka, yi tunanin kwararar iska, siffar harshe, da jin dadi, sannan ka yi wasa.

Ka riƙa yin rikodin kanka a kai a kai. Ka yi wasa da ƙidaya da ke ɗauke da canje-canje a cikin rikodin kuma ka saurara da kyau. Shin canje-canjen sun kasance da tsabta? Shin sautin ya daidaita? Wannan ƙirar ta ba da amsa tana da muhimmanci sosai wajen gano raunin da ba ka ji a wannan lokacin.

Abubuwan da Za a Yi la'akari da Kayan Aiki

Kayan aikinka na iya shafar yadda kake motsawa tsakanin rajista. Murfin da ya yi zurfi ko kuma ya yi zurfi zai iya yin taƙama da wahalar. Gabaɗaya, matsakaiciyar murfin (kamar Bach 3C ko 7C) tana ba da daidaituwa mai kyau ga yawancin 'yan wasa. Idan ka sami matsanancin sauye-sauye musamman damuwa, tuntuɓi malami ko gwada wani ɗan daban-daban siffar rim ko zurfin kofin. Kankunan kanta ya kamata a daidaita shi da kyau masu zubar da bawul ko slides masu sassaucin ra'ayi na iya haifar da asarar iska wanda ke lalata rajistar sama.

Duk da haka, kada ku bari kayan aiki su zama ƙuƙwalwa. Yawancin batutuwan rajista na inji ne (iska da ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa), ba na gear ba. Ingantawa ne kawai bayan an sami ingantaccen fasaha. Don ƙarin bayani game da gear, wannan jagorar Conn-Selmer mai magana da magana yana ba da kyakkyawan bayyani game da yadda siffofi daban-daban ke shafar amsawa.

Ƙarshen

Yin amfani da sautin da ya dace tsakanin sautin ƙaho tafiya ce da ta haɗa daidaiton jiki da kyau tare da sauraron hankali da kuma daidaitaccen aiki. Ta hanyar mai da hankali kan goyon bayan numfashi, sassauci na bakin, matsayin harshe, da shakatawa, da kuma ta hanyar haɗa da motsa jiki na musamman kamar labbobin lebe, tsalle-tsalle, da kuma tsarin sikelin cikin al'adarka ta yau da kullun, za ka ci gaba da haɓaka ikon motsawa a cikin duka zangon ba tare da jinkiri ko kuskure ba.

Ka tuna cewa ci gaba ya zo ne daga maimaitawa mai hankali kunna sauyawa iri ɗaya a hankali da kuma daidai sau da yawa, ba daga ƙoƙari na ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ba. Yi haƙuri da kanka. Yi amfani da fasahohin da aka bayyana a nan don gina abin dogara, sauti mai faɗi daga sautin pedal zuwa saman stratosphere. Tare da horo da lokaci, za ku canza canje-canje na rajista daga wani rauni zuwa ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙarfin ku a matsayin mawaƙa.

Don ƙarin karatu, yi la'akari da bincika Cikakken Hanyar Conservatory na Urban wanda ke samuwa a kan layi, da kuma Nazarin Fasaha na Herbert L. Clarke don aikin sassauci.