Table of Contents

Yadda Sukan Fara Fitar da Wuta

Trombone yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin kayan aikin tagulla da har yanzu ake amfani da su, asalinsa ya fara daga ƙarshen Renaissance. Sunan kayan aikin ya fito ne daga Italiyanci flt: 0 tromba (flt: 1) (trumpet) tare da ƙarin ƙarfe flt: 2 - flt: 3, wanda a zahiri yana nufin "babban ƙaho. " Wannan ilimin ya nuna matsayinsa na madadin bass ga ƙaho na halitta na zamanin. Ba kamar ƙaho, wanda ya dogara da masu fashin kwamfuta daban-daban da bawul na baya don samar da sautin chromatic ba, trombone ya sami canjin sautin ta hanyar zane mai saurin gani wanda ya tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali sosai a cikin ƙarni huɗu.

Tsohon wanda ya riga na zamani shine flt:0 sackbut, kalma da aka yi amfani da ita a Turanci daga ƙarni na 15 zuwa 17. sackbut ya nuna ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin

Juyin Halitta a Zamanin Baroque da na Tsohon Al'ada

A lokacin Baroque (c. 16001750), trombone har yanzu ana kiransa sackbut a cikin kafofin da yawa ya sami asalinsa a cikin waƙar tsarki . A Venice, Giovanni Gabrieli ya rubuta mai kyau ga trombones da yawa a cikin ayyukansa na antiphonal don St. Mark's Basilica, yana amfani da ikon kayan aiki don tsarawa a cikin sararin samaniya mai ƙarfi. A Jamus, Bachatas ya yi amfani da su a cikin canton da Johann Sebastian Bach a cikin canton da kuma a cikin babban waƙa, don yin waƙa da yawa, don ƙamus da yawa.

Lokacin gargajiya ya nuna wani canji. Yayin da rubutun mawaƙa ya zama mafi daidaituwa, trombone ya fara motsawa daga coci zuwa zauren taro da kuma ramin opera. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ya rubuta don trombones a cikin FLT:2 Don Giovanni (a sanannen Commendatore scene) da kuma a cikin Requiem, ta amfani da duhu, mai nauyi na kayan aiki don nuna alamun da ke da ban mamaki da kuma bikin. Ludwig van Beethoven ya haɗa trombones a cikin Fifth, Sixth, da Ninth Symphonies, da kuma opera.

Ƙarshen Karni na 19: An Haifi Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙ

Karni na 19 ya kawo canje-canje masu mahimmanci ga ƙirar trombone da ginin. Yayinda yawancin kayan aikin tagulla suka ɗauki bawul don zama cikakkiyar chromatic, trombone ya ci gaba da kasancewa da tabbacin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin tasirin

Daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da suka faru shi ne gabatar da FLT:0 F-ƙullawa a tsakiyar karni na 19. Wannan bawul ne mai juyawa wanda ke juyar da iska ta hanyar ƙarin madauki na bututu lokacin da aka kunna shi, yana rage saurin kayan aiki ta hanyar cikakken huɗu. F-ƙullawa, galibi ana sanya shi a bayan sashin ƙaho, ya ba wa 'yan wasa damar yin amfani da ƙananan sautunan (ƙasa zuwa pedal B da ƙasa) kuma yana ba da madadin matsayi don ingantaccen fasaha a cikin maɓallan kaifi.

A lokaci guda, girman bore ya karu daga ƙarancin girman sackbut (kimanin 1011 mm) zuwa matsakaici da manyan bore na yau (12.2 mm zuwa 14.5 mm). Wani fadi bore yana samar da duhu, mafi ƙirar sautin da ya dace da manyan mawaƙa na zamanin Romantic. Mawallafa kamar Richard Wagner, Gustav Mahler, da Richard Strauss sun rubuta sosai don trombones, suna buƙatar iko da taushi. Matsayin kayan aikin ya faɗaɗa daga tallafawa jituwa zuwa matakai na solo, kamar a cikin shahararren solo trombone a cikin Berlioz's Hungarian March ko a cikin Mahler's symphonies.

Tsarin da Fasaha na Trombone na Yau

Tsarin Slide

Abu na musamman na trombone shine slidea daidai da aka saka bututun biyu wanda ke motsawa gaba da baya don bambanta tsawon ginshiƙin iska. Slide ya ƙunshi slide na ciki (tubes biyu masu jituwa) wanda aka gyara da sashin murya da ƙaho, da slide na waje (tubes biyu masu girma) wanda ke motsawa. Slides na zamani suna amfani da haɗuwa da nickel-azurfa da sassan tagulla, galibi tare da ƙaramin chrome plating a kan bututun ciki don rage tsagewa. Slide dole ne ya kasance daidai madaidaici da madaidaici don kauce wa ɗaurewa, daidaitaccen misali wanda aka samu ta hanyar aiki da lathe da kuma ingantawa. Matsayin slide bakwai (daga farko, gaba ɗaya rufe, zuwa na bakwai, tsawo) sun dace da jerin harmonics na halitta, wanda ke ba da damar mai kunnawa ya samar da cikakken chromatic range na uku octaves.

Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙ

FLT:0]]Bore size (FLT: 1) yana shafar sautin da juriya na trombone. ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan

Kallon da ke da inci 8 zuwa 9 (2023 cm) na musamman ne ga ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙira; ƙirar ƙirar ƙira mai girma tana haifar da ƙirar ƙira mai girma. Ƙaƙwalwar rawaya (70% jan ƙarfe, 30% zinc) tana ba da haske mai haske; ƙarfe mai ruwan hoda (85% jan ƙarfe, 15% zinc) yana ba da dumi, duhu mai duhu; ana amfani da jan ƙarfe (90% jan ƙarfe) wani lokacin don sauti mafi duhu. ƙarfe na zinariya (85% jan ƙarfe, 15% zinc, galibi tare da ƙaramin adadin tin) yana da shahara a cikin kayan aiki na zamani saboda daidaitawar zafi da tsabta.

Valves da Ƙungiyoyi

Duk da yake slide ya kasance na farko, yawancin trombones na zamani suna haɗa bawul don ƙarin kewayon da sassauci. Har ma da contrabass trombone (da aka saka a cikin F ko B) na iya amfani da ƙarin bawul don sarrafa tsayinsa mai tsayi. Bambanci mafi ƙaranci shine flt: flt: flt: flt: flt: fl, wanda ke maye gurbin slide da piston ko valves masu juyawa, a cikin ƙungiyoyin jazz na yau da kullun na Gabashin Turai da kuma kayan haɗin jazz don ƙirƙirar haɗin haɗin kai daban-daban.

Bambancin Trombone

Gidan trombone yana da ban mamaki, wanda ya ƙunshi kayan kida wanda ya fara daga mafi girma soprano zuwa mafi zurfin contrabass. Kowane bambanci yana da tarihinsa na tarihi da kuma dacewa ta zamani.

Soprano Trombone

An buga shi a cikin B a octave sama da tenor, soprano trombone shine ƙaramin memba na dangi. Yana da wuya ya bayyana a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta zamani amma wani lokacin ana gina shi don ƙungiyoyin tagulla, wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi, ko kuma a matsayin kayan aiki na sabon abu. Gajeren slide yana buƙatar tsauraran matsayi, yana mai ƙalubale don kunnawa a cikin sautin. Wasu samfuran suna daidaitawa a cikin E a kashi huɗu sama da alto. Duk da iyakantaccen amfani, ana iya jin trombone na soprano a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na kayan aiki na Monteverdi da Schütz.

Alto Trombone

An buga shi a E (na huɗu sama da tenor), trombone na alto ya zama ruwan dare a cikin zamanin gargajiya da farkon Romantic. An fi son kayan aiki don ɓangaren farko na trombone a cikin ayyukan coci da na ƙungiyar mawaƙa da yawa, gami da Mozart's Requiem da Beethoven's symphonies. Sautin mai haske, mai sauƙi ya zama mai kyau ga matakai na soprano-range. A cikin karni na 20, trombone na alto ya fita daga zamani, amma ya sami farfadowa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na kayan aiki na zamani da kuma tsakanin masu kunnawa na zamani da ke neman sauti na ainihi don repertoire daga shekarun 1700 da 1800.

Tenor Trombone

Ternon tenor, wanda aka buga a cikin B, shine misali. Yana zuwa a cikin manyan tsari guda biyu: madaidaiciyar tenor (ba tare da bawul ba) da tenor tare da F-ƙullawa . An fi son tenor madaidaiciya a jazz, ƙungiyoyin tagulla, da kiɗa na farko, yayin da F-ƙullawa ta kasance aikin aikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa.

Bass Trombone

Babban kuma mafi ƙanƙanta fiye da tenor, bass trombone yana da sautin B (wani lokacin tare da F ko G tushe) kuma yana da fadi da bore (yawanci 0.562 inci ko mafi girma) da kuma mafi girma (har zuwa 10.5 inci). A zamani bass trombone kusan koyaushe yana da aƙalla bawul guda ɗaya (yawanci a cikin F) kuma sau da yawa na biyu (D ko G). Haɗin bawul da slide yana bawa 'yan wasa damar samar da bayanan ƙasa zuwa pedal B da ma ƙasa (contra B). bass trombone yana ba da tushe mai ƙarancin tushe a cikin kida, ƙungiyoyin iska, da manyan ƙungiyoyi.

Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙ

An buga shi da octave a ƙasa da tenor (a cikin B ko F), contrabass trombone shine babbar iyali. Slide ɗin sa yana da tsayi sosai, kuma yawancin kayan aikin suna amfani da slides ko bawul biyu don rage faɗaɗa na zahiri da ake buƙata. Trombone na contrabass yana da wuya, yana bayyana a cikin wasu ayyukan orchestral na Wagner, Strauss, da mawaƙa na zamani. Hakanan ana amfani dashi a wasu tarin tuba-euphonium don tasirin rikodin ƙasa mai yawa.

Sauran Bambance-bambance

FLT:0 valve trombone, wanda ke amfani da bawul uku ko huɗu maimakon slide, ya ji daɗin shahararsa a cikin ƙungiyoyin soji na karni na 19 kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa a wasu al'adun gargajiya, musamman a Gabashin Turai da Kudancin Amurka.

Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙ

Ƙarfin trombone ya tabbatar da matsayinsa a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan kiɗa da yawa, kowannensu yana amfani da sautinsa na musamman da fasaha.

  • Kayan gargajiya: Daga sackbut consorts na Gabrieli zuwa wasan kwaikwayo trombone solos a cikin Mahler s Symphony No. 3, kayan aiki ne na musamman ga wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo. Babban ayyukan sun hada da Berlioz's Hungarian March, Saint-Saëns's Symphony No. 3 Organ, da Copland's Fanfare for the Common Man.
  • Jazz: FlT: 1] Slide na trombones yana ba da damar yin amfani da glossandos da smears waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga yaren jazz. Daga farkon majagaba kamar Jack Teagarden da Kid Ory zuwa mai kirkirar bebop JJ Johnson da masanan zamani Robin Eubanks da Turre, trombone ya yi siffar, babban ƙungiyar, da kuma jazz na gaba. Matsayin kayan aiki a cikin sassan tagulla na Count Basie, Duke Ellington, da Thad Jones ƙungiyoyi suna da almara.
  • A cikin ƙungiyoyin mawaƙa na Burtaniya, sashin trombone (yawanci tenors biyu da bass ɗaya) yana ba da kayan aiki na harmonica da solo na waƙa. A cikin ƙungiyoyin mawaƙa na Amurka, trombones suna ɗaukar mahimman ƙira da layin bass.
  • Marsing da Military Bands: Trombones suna yin aiki sosai a waje kuma suna da daidaituwa a cikin ƙungiyoyin bands na gaba ko a matsayin ɓangare na layin tagulla, sau da yawa ta amfani da tasirin gani na slide.
  • Kayan gargajiya: The flt: 1 The trombone yana ƙara bugun jini zuwa flt: 2 (ƙasa, iska & wuta) (ƙwararrun ƙahon ƙahon), flt: 4ska (Specials, Reel Big Fish), flt: 6 rock (Chicago, Hasumiyar Iko), da flt: 8 Latin music (tsarin da aka jagoranci da trombone kamar Harlem Orchestra na Spain). Sautinsa yana da yawa a cikin waƙoƙin fim, inda zai iya haifar da jaruntaka, barazana, ko baƙin ciki.
  • Fasaha ta zamani da Avant-Garde: FTL: 1 An bincika fasahohi masu tsawo kamar multiphonics, gurgurowa, magana da harshen flutter, da microtonal glissandi ta hanyar mawaƙa na zamani kamar Ab Conant da Willem van der Malen.

Manyan 'Yan Wasa da Masu Koyarwa

Yawancin mawaƙa na trump sun tura iyakokin fasaha na kayan aiki kuma sun ɗaga bayanan sa a matsayin muryar solo. Christian Lindberg (an haife shi a 1958) shine farkon mawaƙin mawaƙa na gargajiya na yau da kullun, wanda ya ba da umarni da kuma gabatar da ayyuka sama da 200. Joseph Alessi (FLT:3) (New York Philharmonic) an san shi da fasaharsa mara kyau da kyau. A jazz, J.J. Johnson ya canza mawaƙa daga kayan aiki na sashi zuwa muryar solo ta bebop mai inganci.

Taron Taron A Yau: Innovation da Ilimi

Yin trombone na zamani masana'antu ce ta duniya, tare da manyan masana'antun ciki har da Conn-Selmer (USA), Bach (FLT:3), Yamaha (Japan), B&S (FLT:7), M&W Custom Trombones (Germany), da kuma Rath Trombones (UK). Sabbin abubuwa a cikin metallurgy, haƙƙin zamewa, da ƙirar bawul (kamar su FLT:12axial-flow-weight valveFLT:13 ko T:14) sun inganta haɓakawa, amsawa da ƙarfin hali.

Ilimin trombone ya kasance a duk duniya, tare da shirye-shirye na musamman a makarantun gargajiya, jami'o'i, da bukukuwa na bazara. Fashewar albarkatun kan layiYouTube masterclasses, mujallu na ilimi kamar FLT:0 International Trombone Association JournalFLT:1, da kuma kafofin watsa labarun sun taimaka wajen yada fasaha da kuma kundin duniya. Ana ci gaba da rubuta sabbin ayyuka don kayan aiki, daga kide-kide tare da ƙungiyar kida zuwa kayan aiki tare da lantarki.

Ƙarshe: Gidan Gidan Gidan Gida na Ƙarshe

Daga lokacin Renaissance sackbut zuwa zamani F-tabbatar tenor, trombone ya samo asali a cikin zane yayin da yake kiyaye asalinsa: kayan aiki na magana mai kama da murya da kasancewa mai iko. Tsarin slide, wanda ba a canza shi ba a cikin ka'ida fiye da shekaru 500, yana ba da haɗin kai tsaye tsakanin mai kunnawa da farar da bawul ɗin ba zai iya sakewa. dangin trombone soprano, alto, tenor, bass, da contrabassyana samar da launi daga mafi girma lasifika zuwa zurfin rawar jiki. Ko a hannun wani mai fasaha mai fasaha, mai haɓaka jazz, mai ƙarfin lasifika, ko mai tsayayyen sautin waƙa, trombone ya kasance mai sautin sauti mai ƙarfi, mara maye gurbinsa a duniyar kiɗa. Kamar yadda waƙoƙin fasaha ke ci gaba da turawa da ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙ