Table of Contents

Fahimtar Tarihin Tarihi na Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙar

Don sarrafa kowane gunkin mawaƙa na mawaƙa, dole ne mawaƙa ya fara nutsewa cikin yanayin tarihi wanda ya fito. Kiɗa na mawaƙa ya ƙunshi fiye da ƙarni huɗu, kuma kowane zamani ya kawo canji a cikin ƙirar kayan aiki, aikin wasan kwaikwayon, da kuma ƙwarewar rukuni. Misali, ƙaho na zamanin Baroque, ba shi da bawul kuma zai iya samar da sautin a cikin jerin jituwa. Mawallafa kamar Henry Purcell da Georg Philipp Telemann sun yi amfani da waɗannan iyakokin tare da siffofin fanfare masu ban mamaki da ƙira mai kyau, masu ƙira waɗanda suka dace da kayan aikin. Akasin haka, ƙirƙirar bawul a kusa da 1815 ya haifar da sabuwar zamanin damar chromatic, yana ba wa mawallafa damar rubuta layin lyrical da kuma ƙarfin hali na zamani wanda ba a iya cimma ba.

A zamanin gargajiya think Haydn's Trumpet Concerto in E-flat Major an rubuta shi ne don ƙaho mai ƙaho, kayan aiki na sauyawa tare da ramuka da ke rufe da maɓalli (kamar iska mai zafi). Wannan ƙayyadaddun yana buƙatar mai kunnawa na zamani ya fahimci yadda kayan aiki na asali s ya fi sauƙi, sauti mai sauƙi ya tsara magana da magana wanda ke bayyana ladabi na aikin. Masu rikodin soyayya kamar Richard Strauss da Gustav Mahler sun bi da ƙaho tare da sabon girman ƙungiyar mawaƙa, duk da haka har ma da sassan su na solo suna nuna yanayin halayen ƙaho biyu na kayan aikin mawaƙa: masu iya yin ƙarfin hali da ƙarfin hali da kuma jin daɗin magana, ƙaho. A cikin karni na 20, mawallafa kamar Paul Hindemith, Henri Tomasi, da Luciano Berio sun faɗaɗa ƙaho na mawaƙa don haɗa da ƙaho biyu na mawaƙa don yin magana, daɗaɗa da ƙaho da yawa, daɗaɗa da fasaha, da kuma yin amfani da fasaha na tarihi don yin aiki da ƙaho.

Fahimtar waɗannan yadudduka na mahallin yana taimaka wa mai sauraro ya yanke shawara mai ma'ana: Shin ya kamata a buga wani barro na Baroque tare da ƙwarewa, mai rarrabewa ko tare da ƙarin gado mai gudana? Yaya za a iya tura rubato a cikin wani Romantic cadenza ba tare da rasa daidaitattun kayan gargajiya ba? Amsar ta kasance a cikin nazarin rubutun zamanin, sauraron abubuwan da suka shafi tarihi, da kuma godiya da kayan aikin da aka rubuta wa asali.

Maɓalli na Musamman don Kowane Kayan Waƙar Kayan Waƙar

Ko da yake an san ƙaho da kuma ƙaho na ƙaho, masu waƙa da ƙaho a kan dukan kayan kida suna da ayyuka masu yawa.

Ƙaho

  • Joseph Haydn Trumpet Concerto a E-flat Major (1796) Fuskar fitila, wanda aka rubuta don fitila mai mahimmanci.
  • Johann Nepomuk Hummel Trumpet Concerto a E Major (1803) Ko da yake asali ne don ƙaho iri ɗaya, aikin Hummel ya tura zuwa yankin Romantic na farko. Tsawon sassan a cikin babban rajista suna gwada jimiri da kuma jin daɗin waƙa.
  • Alexander Arutunian Trumpet Concerto a cikin A-flat Major (1950) Fitar da Armenian mutane rhythms da wuta fasaha wurare, shi na bukatar rhythmic daidaito, jimiri, da kuma m bravura.
  • Henry Tomasi Trumpet Concerto (1948) A aikin zamani hada neo-classicism da jazz tasirin. Its m motsi suna da asymmetrical rhythms da biting dissonance. da jinkirin motsi ne hauntingly lyrical.
  • George Enescu Légende don Trumpet da Piano (1906) Duk da cewa ya fi guntu, wannan yanki ne mai daraja na Late Romanticism, yana buƙatar sarrafa numfashi mai zurfi da kuma hanyar magana ta murya.

Ƙaho

  • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Kungiyoyin Kungiyoyi (No. 14) An tsara su don ƙaho na halitta ba tare da bawul ba, waɗannan ayyukan suna nuna ladabi da halayyar gargajiya. Rondo daga Concert na Huɗu gwaji ne na musamman na magana mai sauƙi da kuma sautin motsi mai kyau.
  • Richard Strauss Horn Concerto No. 1 a E-flat Major, Op. 11 (1883) Strauss, kansa mai kunna ƙaho, ya rubuta wani aiki wanda ke amfani da cikakken zangon ƙaho.
  • Paul Dukas Villanelle don ƙaho da Piano (1906) Wannan yanki yana haɗuwa da wuta ta fasaha tare da kwanciyar hankali na kiwon lafiya, yana buƙatar sauye-sauye tsakanin manyan rajista da fadi da launi.
  • Benjamin Britten Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings, Op. 31 (1943) Ba wani wasan kwaikwayo na solo ba, amma ɓangaren ƙaho shine babban jarumi.

Ƙarfin ƙwayoyin cuta

  • Paul Hindemith Trombone Sonata (1941) A 20th karni masterpiece cewa kalubalanci da player tare da hadaddun harmonies, m tsalle, da kuma bukatar duka biyu lyricism da kuma percussive iko.
  • Henry Tomasi Trombone Concerto (1956) Kamar waƙar trumpet dinsa, waƙar trombone ta Tomasi ta yi amfani da sautin jazz da fasahohi masu tsawo. Mai kunnawa dole ne ya yi amfani da cikakken ƙarfin kayan aiki, daga cadenzas da aka yi wa murya zuwa ƙaruwar ƙaruwar.
  • Ferdinand David Concertino for Trombone and Orchestra, Op. 4 (1837) A asali don bawul ɗin bawul, wannan aikin Romantic shine tushen motsi mai jinkirin sa da ƙarshen virtuosic. Yana gwada haɗin legato a cikin slide da kuma bayyanannen magana a cikin matakai masu sauri.
  • Lars-Erik Larsson Concertino for Trombone and String Orchestra, Op. 45 No. 7 (1955) A neo-classical aiki tare da wani lyrical tsakiyar motsi da kuma wani sparkly karshe rondo. Yana bukatar tsabta staccato da m phrasing, wani janye daga bombast sau da yawa hade tare da trombone solo.

Ƙarfin ƙanƙara

  • Philip Sparke – Euphonium Concerto No. 1 (1993) – A modern classic that takes fulladvantage of the euphonium’s singing tenor range. The slow movement is deeply expressive, while the finale races with technical flourishes.
  • Ralph Vaughan Williams Nazarin shida a cikin harshen Turanci Folk Song (1926, shirya don euphonium)
  • John Curnow Rhapsody for Euphonium (1980s) A showpiece cewa ya jarraba da mai yi da ikon kewaya sauri arpeggios, matsananci rajista canje-canje, da kuma m m bambance-bambance.

Tuba

  • Ralph Vaughan Williams Tuba Concerto a F Minor (1954) Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat: 1 Flat
  • John Williams Tuba Concerto (1985) An tsara shi don Boston Pops, wannan aikin ya haɗu da wasan kwaikwayo na fim tare da hali mai wasa. Yana buƙatar saurin magana, ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙira, da ikon yin rawar jiki a cikin ɓangaren tsakiyar jazzy.
  • John Edward Heed Concerto for Tuba (1970s) A kasa da aka sani amma kalubale aiki da ke mika kayan aiki da kuma ƙarfin hali, tare da cadenza cewa binciko multiphonics da pedal sautunan.

Matsaloli na Fasaha da Yadda Za a Shawo Kan Su

Every iconic brass solo presents its own technical hurdles. Identifying these early in practice allows for efficient, targeted improvement.

Tsayawa da Ƙarfi

Babban matakai a cikin Hummel ko Arutunian concerts suna buƙatar daidaitaccen iko na sama ba tare da matsawa ko tilasta sauti ba. Yi waɗannan sassan tare da mai da hankali kan goyon bayan iska mai ƙarfi daga diaphragm, kiyaye kwanciyar hankali, da guje wa matsin lamba mai yawa. Yin amfani da motsa jiki na Tones Whisper (yana wasa a hankali a gefen ƙarfin) na iya haɓaka juriya. Don ƙananan tsawo a cikin tuba ko bass trombone repertoire, jinkirin layin lebe a cikin ɓangaren ƙarfafa tsokoki da ake buƙata don tsaftace hare-hare a kasan.

Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙ

Saurin wucewa a cikin Haydns ko Tomasis trumpet concertos yana buƙatar tsabtace harshe ɗaya ko biyu / uku don mafi saurin lambobi. Rarraba wucewa kuma yi amfani da kowane rubutu akan ma'ana (tah ko dah) a cikin alamar metronome mai jinkiri, a hankali yana hanzarta yayin da yake kula da bayyananniya. 'Yan wasan trombone da ke magance David Concertino ya kamata suyi aiki da daidaitawar slide tare da sanya harshe; kuskuren gama gari shine motsa slide da wuri, yana haifar da hare-haren da aka lalata. Yi amfani da harshen da aka fara da gangan, motsawa da wuri.

Gudanar da Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin

Magana mai ma'ana ta dogara ne akan matakai masu sauƙi. Misali, Sonata na Trombone na Hindemith, yana buƙatar babban ƙarfin motsa jiki daga piano mai wuya zuwa ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Yi aiki da dogon sautuna a matakan motsa jiki daban-daban yayin da ke riƙe da sautin da launi iri ɗaya. Sannan yi amfani da crescendi da decrescendi a kan tsawon sautin hudu ko takwas. Don bambancin motsi na kwatsam (subito piano), yi amfani da tsalle ta hanyar shirya numfashi da saita ƙofar kafin ƙarar mai laushi.

Gudanar da numfashi

Maganganu masu dorewa a cikin Mozart Horn Concertos ko Vaughan Williams Tuba Concerto suna buƙatar ingantaccen amfani da iska. Yi amfani da metronome don saurin numfashi: alama numfashi a cikin ƙidayar sannan a hankali ka faɗaɗa kalmar ta hanyar riƙe sautin ƙarshe a tsawon lokaci.

Daidaitaccen Sautin da Kuma Salon

Yawancin ayyukan karni na 20 (Tomasi, Arutunian) sun haɗu da mita da syncopation. Yi aiki da wayo mai wuya daga kayan aikiclap da ƙidaya da ƙarfi, sannan ka yi wasa a kan sautin guda ɗaya. Saurari rikodin yanki kuma bi tare da waƙar don haɓaka salon. Don kayan Baroque, bincika kayan ado kamar trills da appoggiaturas kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin labaran tarihi (misali, Quantz ko C.P.E. Bach).

Bayani Mai Bayyanawa: Fiye da Bayani

Masanin fasaha shine rabin yakin; rabi na gaba shine sadar da motsin zuciyarmu, labarin, da salon kiɗa. Fara da bincike game da tarihin mawaƙa da niyyarsa. Haydn's Trumpet Concerto, alal misali, an rubuta shi ne a lokacin farin ciki na mutum da alatu na kotu, wanda ya kamata ya ba da haske, karatun mai gudana.

Ka saurari rikodin da yawa na masu yin wasan kwaikwayo na almara: Wynton Marsalis don ƙaho, Dennis Brain don ƙaho, Christian Lindberg don trombone, Roger Bobo don tuba, da Steven Mead don euphonium. Kwatanta zaɓin sautin su, magana, da ado. Ka tambayi kanka: Wane motsin rai ne taken buɗewa ya tayar? Ta yaya zan iya tsara kalmar don sa ta raira waƙa?

Kada ku ji tsoron yin gwaji tare da sassauci a cikin ayyukan soyayya, amma koyaushe ku kiyaye motsi na gaba. A cikin ayyukan gargajiya, kiyaye kayan ado a cikin salon lokaci ƙara trill kawai inda ya dace kuma ku warware shi daidai (yawanci farawa a kan bayanin martaba na sama). Don ayyukan zamani tare da ma'auni mai ban mamaki, sami saurin rawa ko bugun magana.

A ƙarshe, ka tuna da ikon shiru. Hatsin da aka sanya da kyau ko ɗan jinkiri kafin a kai ga ƙarshe zai iya ƙara girman tasirin. Ayyukanka ya kamata ya faɗi labari: tafiya ta jarumi, makoki, rawa mai farin ciki. Haɗa tare da masu sauraro ta hanyar hulɗa da ido (idan ya yiwu) da kuma nunawa wanda ya nuna layin kiɗa.

Ka Koyi Yadda Za Ka Yi Koyon Ƙamus

  1. Kafin kunna sautin guda ɗaya, bincika tsarin: yankuna masu mahimmanci, tsawon jimloli, taswirar motsi, da manyan ɓangarorin fasaha.
  2. Fasa kashi da kuma Jagora Musamman Kalubale Fasa kashi zuwa gajere sassa (816 sanduna).
  3. Yi amfani da Layer Multiple Tempo Don motsi mai sauri, yi aiki a rabin saurin, uku-na huɗu saurin, sannan saurin wasan kwaikwayon kawai bayan na farko biyu sun kasance cikakke. Yi amfani da metronome a addini don kauce wa hanzari.
  4. Rijistar da Kai-Kira: Rijistar sauti a kowane mako. Saurari don intonation, bayyananniyar magana, nau'i mai motsi, da salo.
  5. Aikin wasan kwaikwayon ya yi kama da yanayin wasan kwaikwayon: wasa ta hanyar duka kayan ba tare da tsayawa ba, alama a jerin abubuwan tunani. Yi wannan tare da masu sauraro na aboki ko a cikin dakin motsa jiki tare da rikodin tef a kunna. Yana haɓaka jimiri da shirye-shiryen tunani.
  6. FLT:0 Kaddamar da Ayyukan Mental A nesa da kayan aiki, duba yatsunsu, motsi na slide, da lokacin numfashi yayin da yake yin murmushi. Wannan yana ƙarfafa hanyoyin jijiyoyin jiki ba tare da gajiyar da ƙuƙwalwa ba.

Shirya Don A Yi Wa'azi: Kasancewa da Yarda da Zuciya da Jiki

Bayan fasaha da fassarar, mai wasan kwaikwayo dole ne ya haɓaka ƙarfin tunani. Tashin hankali na wasan kwaikwayon na iya lalata makonni na shiri mai kyau. magance shi tare da fallasawa ta hanyar tsari: wasa ga abokai, a cikin darussan jagoranci, da kuma a cikin karatun ƙananan farashi. Kafin babban wasan kwaikwayon, yi cikakken warming na dogon sautunan, lebe slurries, da kuma ƙirar magana (guje wa yin aiki da yawa a cikin kundin kanta). Sa'an nan kuma ɗauki minutesan mintuna don numfashi sosai kuma ka mayar da hankali a jiki saukaka kafadu, buɗe jaw, kafafu a fadin kafada.

A lokacin wasan kwaikwayon, kula da tunani mai sassauƙa. Idan ka yi watsi da bayanin kula, nan da nan ka manta da shi kuma ka mai da hankali ga magana ta gaba. Yi imani da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwarka da kuma shirye-shiryenka na baya. Ka ɗauki matsayi wanda ke nuna amincewa, koda zuciyarka tana bugun jini. Ka tuna cewa masu sauraro suna daɗa maka; suna son a motsa su, ba don yin hukunci da bayanan da aka rasa ba. Shirya wani tunani anchorkalma ko hoto wanda zai dawo da hankalinka lokacin da ka fara yawo.

A ƙarshe, ka ji daɗin wannan lokacin. Kana da gata na kawo wani babban abu zuwa rai. Ayyukan da aka yi da tagulla sun kasance da ƙarfi domin suna magana da wani abu na duniya a cikin rayuwar ɗan adam. Aikinka shi ne ka yi amfani da muryar ta hanyar kayan aikinka.

Ka Ƙara Ƙwarewarka kuma Ka Ci Gaba da Ƙaruwa

Abubuwan da aka tattauna a nan suna wakiltar kawai farkon farawa. A matsayin mai raɗaɗi, ya kamata ku ci gaba da neman ƙananan sanannun ayyuka, abubuwan da aka tsara na zamani, da kuma rubutun daga wasu kayan kida. Kayan kwalliya yana haɓaka kowace shekara ta hanyar gasa, kwamitocin, da aikin mawaƙa masu rai. Yi rajista ga tashoshi kamar International Trombone Association, International Trumpet Guild, da International Horn Society, don sababbin sakin labarai da labarai. Bi masu yin wasan kwaikwayo a kan kafofin watsa labarun, halartar taro, da kuma ɗaukar darussan malamai duk lokacin da zai yiwu.

Ka tuna da abin da ya sa ka fara yin waƙa, farin cikin yin waƙa, da farin cikin yin magana da kyau, da kuma zurfin dangantaka da masu sauraro.

Don ƙarin koyo game da aikin wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na jan ƙarfe, duba Oxford Bibliographies: Brass Performance Practice. Don bincika waƙoƙi da shawarwarin rikodi, ziyarci kundin kundin kundin kundin kundin kundin Alry Publications.