Abubuwan da Za a Yi Game da Kayan Aikin Kayan Aikin Gasa

Fahimtar Abubuwan Da Suka Sauki Kayan Aikin Jigilar Gasa

Tsarin kayan aikin tagulla na musamman wani fasaha ne mai ƙwarewa wanda ke haɗuwa da fasaha tare da aikin injiniya na daidaici. A cikin zuciyarsa, fahimtar kayan aikin kayan aikin tagulla yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar kayan aiki mai inganci, mai iya wasa, da kuma mai ɗorewa. Kowane ɓangaren daga bakin bakin zuwa ƙaho yana shafar samar da sauti, intonation, da jin daɗin mai kunnawa. Wannan ɓangaren ya kafa tushe ta hanyar bincika yadda ake samar da sauti, kimiyyar murya, da rawar kowane muhimmin ɓangare.

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Lokacin da mai kunnawa ya busa lebe a kan murfin, suna haifar da jijiyoyi waɗanda ke tafiya ta cikin bututun kayan aiki. Waɗannan jijiyoyin suna sautin cikin ginshiƙin iska, suna samar da sautin kiɗa. Tsawo, siffa, da kayan bututun suna tasiri kai tsaye kan sautin da ingancin sauti. Fasahar da ke bayan wannan ta shafi tsayayyen raƙuman ruwa, inda ginshiƙin iska ke rawar jiki a takamaiman mita da aka ƙayyade ta hanyar lissafin kayan aiki. Mai kunnawa da bututun iska suna ƙara sarrafa jituwa, yana ba da damar yin sautin sautin da yawa daga tsawon bututun da aka gyara. Bincike game da sautin kayan aikin tagulla, kamar nazarin da Acoustical Society of America ya buga, ya nuna yadda ƙananan canje-canje a cikin bayanin martaba zasu iya canza sautin da sautin. Fahimtar waɗannan ƙa'idodin yana ba masu ginin damar hako da ƙirar ƙira da inganta aikin kafin yanke wani yanki.

Abubuwan Maɓalli da Kuma Ayyukansu

Flat na bakin: Flat na farko da ake amfani da shi shine mai kunnawa. Flat na bakin yana kunna sauti ta hanyar mayar da hankali kan bakin mai kunnawa a cikin kayan aiki. zurfin kofinsa, siffar rim, da diamita na wuyansa suna shafar hari, sassauci, da launi. Flat na musamman galibi shine farkon sauyawar da 'yan wasan ke nema saboda tasirin su kai tsaye akan ta'aziyya da amsawa.
FLT:0 Leadpipe: FLT:1 Yana haɗa murya zuwa babban bututun; yana tasiri saitin da amsa. Saurin taper da tsawon bututun jagoranci suna ƙayyade yadda ingancin haɗin ginshiƙan iska tare da buzz na mai kunnawa. Mai jinkirin taper na iya samar da sauti mai duhu, yayin da mai sauri taper ke haskaka sautin.
Valves ko Slides: Canja tsawon bututun don canza saurin. Valves na piston sun dogara da ƙuƙwalwar da aka yi da ƙwarewa da tashoshi, yayin da bawul ɗin juyawa ke amfani da madauri mai juyawa. Dukansu suna buƙatar ƙarancin haƙuri don kauce wa ɓarkewar iska da kiyaye matsin lamba mai daidaito. Zaɓin tsakanin piston da juyawa yana shafar saurin aiki da samun damar kiyayewa.
Tubu: Babban jikin da iska ke rawar jiki; tsawonsa da diamita yana da tasiri kai tsaye akan sautin da sautin. Tubu mai kauri yana tsayayya da rawar jiki, yana kiyaye abun cikin mita, yayin da ganuwar da ta fi siriri na iya ƙara zafi da rikitarwa. Girman bore ko ƙarami, matsakaici, ko babba yana ƙayyade zangon kayan aiki da kuma haskakawa.
Bell:FLT:1 yana karawa da kuma nuna sauti; saurin flare, kauri, da kuma kayan aikinsa suna shafar sautin da kuma haskakawa. Flare mai tsayi yana kara haske da yankewa, yayin da flare mai hankali ke haifar da sauti mai zagaye, mai rarrabewa. Ana yin bells sau da yawa da hannu don ƙirƙirar ƙirar damuwa mara daidaituwa wanda ke haɓaka rikitarwa ta sauti.

Kowane bangare dole ne a tsara shi kuma a haɗe shi da daidaito na inji. Misali, daidaitaccen bututun gubar tare da babban slide na daidaitawa yana shafar juriya; rashin daidaitawa har ma da 0.5 mm na iya haifar da tashin hankali da cikewa. Masu ginawa suna dogaro da ilimin empirical da ƙirar kwamfuta don inganta waɗannan hulɗar.

Zaɓin Abubuwa da Kuma Tasirinsa na Ilimin Hoto

Ana yin kayan aikin tagulla ne daga gami na tagulla, amma bambance-bambance a cikin abun da ke ciki da kuma gamawa na iya canza halayen inji da halayen sauti. Zaɓin kayan da suka dace ya ƙunshi daidaita abubuwa kamar dorewa, aiki, juriya ga lalata, da zafin jiki na sauti. Tsarin gilashin allo yana shafar yadda vibrations ke yaduwa, wanda hakan ke sa muryar kayan aiki.

Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyi na Ƙungiyoyi

Yellow Brass (70% jan ƙarfe, 30% zinc): (FLT: 1) Zaɓin da aka fi so wanda ke ba da sautin haske da ƙarfi mai kyau. Yana da sauƙin sauƙi da sauƙi, yana mai da shi manufa don samar da taro da kuma gina al'ada. Ƙarin zinc na jan ƙarfe yana ƙaruwa da ƙarancin ƙarfi, wanda ke tsayayya da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfi amma yana iya sa sauti ya ɗan ƙara ƙarfe.
Gold Brass (85% jan ƙarfe, 15% zinc): sauti mai dumi da jin dadi; dan kadan kasa jurewa. Babban abun cikin jan ƙarfe yana rage yanayin narkewa, yana sauƙaƙa brazing da annealing. Duk da haka, yana da saukin aiki kuma yana iya buƙatar kulawa mai hankali yayin masana'antu.
Red Brass (90% jan ƙarfe, 10% zinc): (FLT:1) Tona mai arziki da kyakkyawan juriya ga lalata; mafi ƙalubale don aiki da shi. Ana amfani da jan ƙarfe sau da yawa don kararrawa ƙaho ko slides na trombone inda ake son dumi da sassauƙa. Ƙananan abun cikin zinc yana rage damuwa ta ciki, amma kayan yana da saurin karyewa idan an yi ta da yawa.
Nickel Silver: [1] Ana amfani da shi sau da yawa don slides da bawul saboda taurinsa da juriya ga lalacewa. Duk da sunansa, nickel silver ba ya ƙunsar azurfa; yana da cakuda jan ƙarfe, nickel, da zinc. Yana ba da haske, mai daidaitaccen sautin kuma yana da shahara musamman ga slides na hannu na trombone da ƙwallon bawul na ƙaho saboda ƙarancin ma'auni na friction.

Bayan ƙarfe na asali, yanayin ƙarfe yana da mahimmanci. Masu gini na iya aiki tare da annealed (m) ko rabin-hard tagulla dangane da matakin samarwa. Misali, ana yin ƙwanƙwasa ƙarfe sau da yawa tare da annealed tagulla don ba da damar yin siffar a hankali ba tare da ɓarkewar damuwa ba, yayin da ƙwanƙwasa bawul suna buƙatar kayan da suka fi ƙarfin ƙarfin don tsayayya da lankwasawa. Zaɓin plating azurfa, zinariya, ko lacquer yana ƙara wani nau'in tunani na inji. Plating na azurfa, yayin da yake ba da kariya daga lalata da amsa mai haske, na iya zama siriri kuma na iya lalacewa cikin lokaci. Plating na zinariya ya fi taushi amma yana tsayayya da lalata kuma yana ba da jin zafi.

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Ƙarƙashin farfajiya ba kawai yana kare karfe ba amma yana tasiri riƙewa, aikin slide, har ma da sauti. Kayan aikin da aka laƙa suna da tsabta mai haske wanda ke rufe tagulla, yana hana oxidation amma yana iya lalata wasu manyan mita. Raw tagulla (ba tare da laƙa) yana haɓaka patina a tsawon lokaci, wanda wasu 'yan wasa suka yi imanin yana inganta murya saboda yadudduka na oxide suna da siriri kuma suna rawar jiki.

Kayan aiki na kayan kwalliya suna kuma faɗaɗa zuwa kaurin kayan kwalliya. Kungiyoyi da yawa na ƙwararru suna amfani da kararrawa da aka yi daga takarda ɗaya na tagulla wanda aka yi wa kwalliya, sannan a juya shi da hannu don cimma wani nauyi na musamman. Ganuwar kararrawa (0.0180.020 inci don ƙaho) suna ba da haskakawa amma suna iya zama masu taurin kai, yayin da ƙananan bango (0.0140.016 inci) ke ba da ƙarin sassauci da amsawa amma suna da rauni. Masu kera kayan kwalliya na tagulla kamar Yamaha da Schilke sun buga bayanan fasaha waɗanda ke danganta nauyin kararrawa da hasken sauti, suna nuna cewa ilimin kayan aiki yana da mahimmanci ga zane.

Abubuwan da Za a Yi Game da Tsarin Don A Yi Wasa Mafi Kyawu

Tsarin injiniya a cikin kayan aikin ƙarfe na musamman dole ne ya fifita jin daɗin mai kunnawa da sauƙin amfani. Wannan ya ƙunshi kulawa mai kyau ga ergonomics, aikin bawul, motsi na slide, da rarraba nauyi. Kayan aiki mai kyau ba shi da amfani idan ya gaji mai kunnawa ko hana fasaha.

Tsarin bawul

Dole ne a tsara bawul ɗin daidai don motsawa cikin sauƙi da sauri. Haɗin tashar bawul da kuma dacewa a cikin akwatin suna da mahimmanci don kauce wa kwararar iska da kiyaye sautin daidaitacce. bawul ɗin piston suna aiki tare da tsarin spring-return; ƙarfin wannan spring yana ƙayyade juriya da mai kunnawa ya ji. Matsi mai ƙarfi na wannan spring yana ƙaruwa da gajiya ta yatsunansu, yayin da matsi mai rauni na iya haifar da jinkirin dawowa da matsin lamba mara daidaito. Masu ginin galibi suna ba da ƙarfin spring na zaɓi don dacewa da abubuwan da ke so na mutum. bawul na rotary, na kowa a kan ƙahoni da wasu ƙaho, suna amfani da tsarin pilar wanda dole ne a daidaita daidai don kauce wa ɗaurewa. Matsakaicin rotor da akwatin yana rage ƙasa da 0.001 inci idan ya yi tsananin yawa, bawul ɗin yana ƙuntatawa; kwararru, da ɓoyewa da lalata murƙushewa.

Ayyukan Slide

Slides suna ba da damar daidaitawa da daidaitawa. Tsarin injiniya na su dole ne su daidaita daidaita daidaitawa don hana ɓarkewar iska yayin ba da damar sauƙin motsi. Slides na hannu na trombone, alal misali, suna buƙatar madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin bututun ciki zuwa waje. Sau da yawa tsabtace su kusan inci 0.0020.004, kuma slides dole ne su kasance madaidaici a cikin tsawonsa duka don kauce wa ɗaurewa. Ana amfani da kayan kamar nickel azurfa ko bakin karfe don slide na waje saboda suna tsayayya da lalacewa kuma suna ba da damar kammala fuska mai santsi. Ƙafar slide na ciki galibi ana yin su ne daga ƙarfe mai laushi wanda za'a iya goge shi cikin sauƙi zuwa ƙarshen madubi. Ana buƙatar shafawa mai kyau tare da cream ko mai; samfurin da ba daidai ba zai iya haifar da mannewa ko bushewa, yana haifar da tsatsa da gazawar ƙarshe.

Ergonomics da rarraba nauyi

Tsarin kayan aiki da rarraba nauyi suna shafar yadda yake da kyau don riƙewa da wasa na tsawon lokaci. Tsarin al'ada yana ba da damar daidaita waɗannan abubuwan, la'akari da girman hannu, matsayin wasa, da kuma abubuwan da mutum ke so. Misali, ƙwanƙolin yatsun ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙahon ƙ

Hanyar Tattalin Arziki da Kuma Daidaitaccen Makirci

Kula da cikakkun bayanai na inji yayin haɗuwa yana tabbatar da aikin abin dogara kuma ya cika ƙa'idodin ƙwararru. Babban fasahohi sun haɗa da ƙayyadaddun ƙira, ƙira, da saka sassa. Kowane haɗin dole ne ya kasance mai iska, mai ƙarfi, kuma ba tare da kowane abu da zai iya hana iska ko haifar da jijiyoyi ba.

Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa

Waya da brazing sune manyan hanyoyin haɗawa da kayan aikin ƙarfe. Waya yana amfani da ƙarfe mai cikawa tare da yanayin narkewa ƙasa da 840 ° F, yayin da brazing ke amfani da yanayin zafi mafi girma. Kowane fasaha yana da wurinsa. Ana amfani da wuka mai laushi don haɗin haɗin da ba na tsari ba kamar bel rims ko inda zafi zai iya lalata sassa masu laushi. Wayan haɗin gwiwa, kamar waɗanda ke haɗa bututun gubar zuwa babban jiki, suna ba da ƙarfi da juriya mai ƙarfi amma suna buƙatar kulawa mai kyau don kauce wa karkatar da bututun. Masu gini suna gwada kowane haɗin ƙarƙashin matsin lamba sau da yawa ta hanyar rufe ƙarshen ɗaya kuma suna amfani da iskadon tabbatar da isasshen isasshen isasshen. Ko da isasshen ƙusa na iya haifar da buzz ko matattu. Amfani da ma'auni da masu gano isasshen isasshen isasshen isasshen isasshen isasshen misali ne a cikin ɗakunan aiki na ƙwararru.

Ƙarfafawa da Ƙa'ida

Tsarin aiki na daidaici yana da mahimmanci ga kwantena na bawul, slides, da masu karɓar murya. CNC lathes suna ba da izinin haƙuri na inci ±0.0005, amma shigarwa ta hannu ya kasance na kowa ga aikin al'ada saboda yana biyan ƙananan canje-canje a cikin kaurin tagulla. Masu ginawa suna amfani da masu auna ƙira, micrometers, da kuma ramuka don tabbatar da girma na ciki. A lokacin haɗuwa, ana bincika daidaitawar slide na daidaitawa da ƙanƙarar ƙanƙara tare da kayan aikin daidaitawa na laser. Duk wani karkatarwa na iya haifar da tashin hankali da juriya mara daidaito. Dole ne ƙwanƙarar ƙanƙara ta zama mai hankali don kauce wa sautin spread. Wannan matakin daidaito yana tabbatar da cewa kayan aikin yana amsawa daidai a duk rajista da matakan kuzari.

Ƙarin Abubuwan da Za a Yi Game da Tsarin Mulki a Taron

Alignment: FLT:1 Yana tabbatar da iska mai santsi da daidaitaccen sauti. Ko da rashin daidaituwa na digiri 1 a cikin babban slide na daidaitawa na iya haifar da kaifi a cikin babban rajista.
Valve Casing Fit: (FLT: 1) Tabbatar da haƙuri yana sauƙaƙa aikin bawul mai sauri kuma yana rage lalacewa.
Ƙararrawa ta ƙararrawa: Ƙararrawa mai aminci yana shafar ƙirar da kuma jan hankali. Yawancin masu ginawa suna amfani da flange mai gudana don rage damuwa akan ƙararrawa yayin da suke kiyaye haɗin tsabta.
Gwajin Bounce: Bayan haɗuwa, ana gwada kowane bawul don tsalleda saurin dawowarsa bayan saki.

Kulawa da Tsawon Rayuwa na Kayan Aiki

Yin aiki da kyau yana ba da damar yin amfani da kayan aiki na tagulla da aka yi amfani da su don yin aiki da shi kuma yana kiyaye ingancinsa na inji. Yin tsabtace, lubrication, da kuma duba su a kai a kai yana taimakawa wajen hana matsalolin da ake fuskanta kamar lalata, ƙwanƙwasawa, da kuma iska. Masu ginin sukan ba da jadawalin kulawa da aka tsara bisa ga takamaiman kayan da aka yi amfani da su.

Kula da Mutane

Mai bawul: FLT:1 Yana kiyaye bawul din suna motsawa cikin sauƙi kuma yana hana lalacewa. Ya kamata a yi amfani da mai kowace rana, ko bayan kowane zaman wasa don amfani mai yawa. Nau'in mai ya fi dacewa. Man fetur na roba yana da tsawon rai kuma yana tsayayya da lalacewa, yayin da mai na halitta na iya buƙatar sake cikawa akai-akai.
Slide Grease: Yana tabbatar da cewa slides suna aiki kyauta ba tare da isar da iska ba. Ana amfani da cream slide cream a cikin gida na slide, yayin da mai slide mai daidaitawa ya fi kauri don tsayayya da babban matsin iska kusa da bakin. Guji man fetur da ke tushen mai wanda zai iya lalata bumpers na roba.
Tsabtace: (FLT: 1) Yana cire ɓarnar da kuma tarawa wanda zai iya lalata sassan inji. Ana ba da shawarar yin ruwa mai dumi tare da sabulu mai laushi sannan a yi wanka kowane watanni biyu zuwa uku. Masu ginin suna ba da shawara game da kayan aikin tsabtace abrasive waɗanda zasu iya lalata rami, saboda tsaftacewar ta kama danshi kuma ta hanzarta lalata.
Binciken lokaci-lokaci: Binciken ƙwararru kowane watanni shida na iya ganowa da gyara matsalolin inji kafin su yi muni. Wannan ya haɗa da bincika magudanun bawul ɗin da suka lalace, haɗin haɗin solder, da kuma matattarar kwandon. Ƙananan saka hannun jari a cikin kulawa na yau da kullun yana hana gyara mai tsada daga baya.

Yadda Za a Warware Matsaloli da Suka Shafi

Masu wasa da masu gini ya kamata su gane alamun lalacewa ta inji. Valves masu mannewa galibi suna nuna rashin isasshen mai amma kuma suna iya ba da siginar kwararar piston ko ƙazanta mai ƙazanta. Idan mai ba ya magance matsalar, ya kamata a cire bawul ɗin kuma a bincika shi don burrs ko lalacewa mara daidaituwa. Mai slide mai jinkiri na iya buƙatar sake lubrication, amma idan ya ci gaba, slide na iya zama ɗan ƙaramin zagaye. Mai sana'a na iya amfani da mai daidaita slide don dawo da daidaituwa mai kyau. Fitar iska ta bayyana a matsayin sauti mai tsawa ko asarar matsawa. Nemo su ta hanyar rufe kayan aiki da matsawa shi, sannan a nutse sassan cikin ruwa don ganin kumfa. Gyara solder ya kamata a yi ta hanyar ƙwararren masani ne kawai don kauce wa lalacewar zafi zuwa jagora. Ga masana'antun, samar da cikakken ƙimar kayan aiki da kuma kulawa na kayan aiki yana tabbatar da cewa mafi yawan masu saka hannun jari suna ƙara darajar kayan aiki.

Ƙarshen

Tunanin inji a cikin ginin kayan aikin tagulla na al'ada ya ƙunshi zaɓi na kayan aiki, ƙirar kayan haɗi, haɗuwa daidai, da kiyayewa mai gudana. Kowane lamari yana tasiri ba kawai yadda kayan aikin ke sauti ba har ma da ƙarfinsa da ƙwarewar mai kunnawa. Ta hanyar fahimta da amfani da waɗannan kayan aikin na asali, masu ginawa na iya ƙirƙirar kayan aikin da ke yin kyau kuma su tsaya gwajin lokaci. Ko kai mai yin aiki ne ko mai kunnawa, godiya ga hulɗar tsakanin injiniya da fasaha yana haifar da zaɓuɓɓuka masu ma'ana da kyakkyawan sakamako na kiɗa. Don ƙarin karatu game da ilimin ilimin kayan aikin tagulla, koma ga albarkatu daga ƙungiyoyi kamar Acoustical Society of America [[FLT::1]] ko ƙididdigar fasaha daga masana'antun kayan aiki kamar Bach .