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Sautin kayan kida a cikin aji yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙwarewar da mai koyarwa zai iya koya wa matasa mawaƙa. Samun daidaitaccen sauti a cikin ƙungiyar ba kawai yana haɓaka ingancin sauti ba amma kuma yana haɓaka amincewar kiɗa kuma yana shimfida tushe don yin magana, mai saurin sauti. Ko kuna jagorantar masu farawa ta hanyar sautin farko ko kuma kuna inganta kunnuwan masu kunnawa, amfani da dabarun daidaitawa na tsari na iya canza ƙwarewar aji kuma ya hanzarta ci gaban ɗalibai.

Kimiyya da Acoustics a Cikin Kayan Waƙar Gasa

Don koyar da daidaitaccen aiki, yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar ka'idodin sauti a bayan kayan aikin tagulla. Matsayi yana ƙayyadewa ta hanyar yawan rawar jikigidan da sauri vibration, mafi girma da sautin. Masu kunnawa na tagulla suna canza sautin ta hanyar canza ƙarfin ƙuƙwalwar su, saurin iska da tallafi, da kuma ta hanyar sarrafa bawul ko matsayi na slide. Duk da haka, kimiyyar kayan aikin tagulla ta ƙunshi jerin jituwa: kowane kayan aikin tagulla na iya samar da jerin sautin dangane da mahimmin sautin, amma waɗannan sautin ba koyaushe suke cikin daidaitawa daidai da yanayi. Wannan rashin daidaito na asali yana nufin cewa masu kunnawa dole ne su daidaita koyaushe.

Abubuwan muhalli kamar zafin jiki da danshi suna shafar sautin sauti. Iska mai zafi yana sa jijiyoyi su hanzarta, yana sa kayan aiki su yi wasa sosai; iska mai sanyi tana rage su, yana haifar da kwance. A cikin aji, canjin yanayin zafi ba zato ba tsammani a farkon atisaye na iya jefa wani ɓangaren gaba ɗaya daga cikin sautin. Koyar da ɗalibai su kasance masu sanin waɗannan masu canji kuma su daidaita slides na sautin kayan aiki daidai da hakan ƙwarewa ce ta asali. Don daidaitaccen tunani, kafa A = 440 Hz azaman misali, kuma yi amfani da mai sautin lantarki mai aminci ko piano mai kyau don saita cibiyar sautin ƙungiyar.

Ayyukan Da Ake Yi Wa Masu Wasa da Brass a Kowace Rana

Haɗa sautin cikin tsarin motsa jiki na yau da kullum shine hanya mafi inganci don haɓaka sautin sauti mai daidaituwa. Maimakon ɗaukar sautin a matsayin al'ada daban kafin fara gwaji, saka shi cikin motsa jiki da ɗalibai ke yi kowace rana. Ga tsarin tsari wanda ke gina ƙwarewa da kuma al'ada:

  • ] Farawar numfashi: ] Dalibai suna farawa da zurfin numfashi, lokacin da suke yin shiru da yatsunsu ko zamewa ta hanyar haɗuwa da bawul / slide. Wannan yana ci gaba da goyon bayan iska kafin sautin sauti.
  • Fitar da murya: Fitar da murya: Fitar da murya (misali, wasan kwaikwayo na B-flat) a kan murya kawai. Yi amfani da piano ko tuner don dacewa da murya. Murya ta murya tana ware murya kuma tana sa ɗalibai su san murya sosai kafin amfani da kayan aiki.
  • FLT:0]]Tons masu tsawo a kan Bayanan buɗewa: Fara da sautin da ba a buɗe ba ko buɗewa (kamar wasan kwaikwayo na F ko B-flat a kan ƙaho, ko matsayi na farko a kan trombone).
  • FlT:0]]Flexibility da Lip Slurs:FLT:1]] Sannu a hankali suna gabatar da slurs waɗanda ke motsawa ta hanyar jerin jituwa ba tare da canza matsayi na bawul / slide ba. Waɗannan motsa jiki suna buƙatar kunne don jagorantar bakin, yana ƙarfafa sauraron aiki.
  • Unison da Octave Drone: All dalibai wasa unison sautin yayin da wani drone ko pedal sautin da aka bayar (daga tuba, wani drone waƙa, ko wani dijital app). Dalibai dole ne daidaita har sai da bugun ya bace a fili sauti alama ga zama a cikin layi.
  • Sashe na Kulawa: Bayan buɗewar dumi, sanya kowane ɓangaren tagulla ya yi wasa iri ɗaya kuma saurari haɗuwa, sannan yin ƙananan gyare-gyare don daidaita slides da embouchure.

Wannan aikin, da ake maimaitawa kullum, yana sa kunne ya gane kaifin kai da kuma kwance nan take kuma yana gina ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar tsoka don gyara.

Yin Amfani da Fasaha a Matsakaici a Saurin Aiki a Makaranta

Kayan aiki na zamani suna ba da taimako mai ƙarfi, amma fasaha ya kamata ta haɓaka ba maye gurbin horo ba. Masu daidaitawa na lantarki, aikace-aikacen waya, da software na nuna sauti na ainihi na iya ba da tabbaci na gani na yanayin sauti, amma dogaro da yawa na iya lalata ƙwarewar sauraron ɗalibai. Yi amfani da fasaha ta hanyar da ta dace:

  • FLT:0]]Clip-on Tuners for Individual Feedback: Dalibai na iya amfani da clip-on tuners a lokacin warming-ups don ganin su sautin Trend. Karfafa su su dubi nuni a takaice, sa'an nan kuma rufe idanunsu da kuma ji da daidai sautin.
  • Aikace-aikacen kamar TonalEnergy Tuner ko Peterson BodyTune suna ba da saitin drone da kuma ra'ayoyin gani. Drones suna da tasiri musamman saboda suna tilasta mai kunnawa ya dace da sautin da ya dace, yana haɓaka ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar sautin ciki.
  • Rikodi da sake kunnawa: FLT:1 Rikodi gajerun sassan wasan kwaikwayo da sake kunna su. Dalibai na iya gano wuraren da intonation ke motsawa da tattauna dalilin. Wannan yana haɓaka tunani na metacognitive akan saitin.
  • Shafukan yanar gizo kamar MusicEdu.org ko FLT:3 ko FLT:4 suna ba da samfuran kyauta da motsa jiki don motsa jiki na intonation.

Ka tuna: fasaha tana da ƙarfi sosai idan aka yi amfani da ita a cikin gajeren lokaci. Ɗalibi da ya bincika kowane sautin sautin sautin sa ya zama mai dogaro; wanda ya yi amfani da ita don daidaita kunnensa ya zama mai zaman kansa.

Ƙididdigar Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙar

Da zarar dalibai sun san ainihin sautin da ke mayar da hankali ga sautin guda ɗaya a kan jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu, lokaci ya yi da za a gabatar da dabarun da suka fi dacewa da yanayin kiɗa.

Kawai Intonation vs. Tsarin Hali

Kayan aikin jan ƙarfe suna iya daidaita sautin kai tsaye (ta hanyar ƙugiya da zamewa), yana mai da su musamman dace da kawai intonationa tsarin sautin da ya dogara da jerin jituwa na halitta. A cikin wani kirtani, uku, biyar, da bakwai suna sauti mafi kyau lokacin da aka daidaita su zuwa ga tsarkake tazara, ba tazarar da tazarar da aka yi da kayan aiki na tsayayyen sautin kamar piano ba. Koyar da ɗalibai su sautin kirtani kuma daidaita sautin su don kawar da yawan bugun jini. Alal misali, a cikin babban kirtani na B-flat, na uku (D) ya kamata ya kasance ƙasa da daidai yanayin da ya nuna; na biyar (F) ya kamata ya kasance dan kadan mafi girma. Wannan micro-sanyawa ya canza kyakkyawar kirtani zuwa wani mai wucewa.

Kalaman da ke cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki

Masu kunna jan ƙarfe na iya lankwasa farar filaye duka biyu da kai tsaye ta amfani da ƙuƙwalwar magana kawai (ƙuƙwalwar lebe). Haɗa motsa jiki inda ɗalibai ke fara bayanin kula da gangan, sannan su lankwasa zuwa madaidaicin farar, kuma akasin haka. Wannan yana haɓaka ƙarancin sarrafa motsi na ƙuƙwalwar magana kuma yana koya wa kunne don rarrabe bambancin farar ƙasa.

Sautin Murya da Sauraron da Aka Fara Yi

Kafin ka yi wasa da wata magana, ka tambayi ɗalibai su raira waƙa ko su yi murmushi a cikin hankali. Wannan jin ciki yana motsa ƙofar da iska. Don ƙarfafa wannan ƙwarewar, kunna wani ci gaba na ƙirar a kan piano kuma bari ɗalibai su raira rawar su kafin su ɗauki kayan aikin su. Raira waƙa yana canja wurin kai tsaye zuwa murmushi na murmushi saboda duka suna dogara da tsammanin sautin da goyon bayan iska. Yawancin masu sauraron murmushi masu sana'a suna ba da shawara don yin murmushi ta hanyar kayan aiki don ƙarfafa murmushi na hanci da mayar da hankali.

Ƙara Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙ

A cikin wasan kwaikwayo, sa ƙananan muryoyi (tubas, bass trombones) su yi wasa da tushe, sannan su gina sashe zuwa sama ta sashe (baritones, trombones, ƙahonin Faransanci, ƙahonin). Kowane sashe yana daidaitawa da sautin da ke ƙasa da su. Wannan za a iya yi a cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan kuma ya inganta sautin tsaye.

Matsaloli na Ƙarfafawa da Kuma Maganin da Aka Tabbata

Ko da tare da tsarin tsarin, wasu matsaloli masu ci gaba suna tasowa a cikin dakunan karatu.

  • Kyakkyawan ƙwarewa a kan Babban Bayani: Sau da yawa saboda ƙarancin ƙwanƙwasa ko sanya bakin bakin bakin. Ka tunatar da ɗalibai su ci gaba da sassauƙa tsokoki na fuska da haɓaka saurin iska maimakon matsa lamba.
  • Flatness a Lower Register: 'Yan wasa na iya sauke jaws da yawa ko saki goyon bayan iska. Ƙarfafa mai hankali, dumi iska. Don trombones, duba cewa matsayi na slide suna da tsawo; ƙananan sautin a kan kowane kayan aikin tagulla na iya buƙatar tsawon bututu mai tasiri.
  • Sautin ƙaho mai kaifi ta hannun dama: 'Yan wasan ƙaho na Faransa galibi ba da gangan ba suna sautin ƙaho ta hanyar rufe kararrawa da hannun dama. Koyar da daidaito, kwanciyar hankali na hannun da ke ba da damar daidaita sautin da ya dace ba tare da toshe sautin ba.
  • FlT:0]]Rashin ƙarfi na numfashi: FlT:1]] Yawancin kurakuran sauti suna zuwa ne daga iska mara jituwa. Aikin kamar sukan numfashi (fara bayanin kula tare da numfashi mai nutsuwa maimakon harshe) yana daidaita yanayin iska da inganta daidaiton sauti.
  • A kan kayan aikin tagulla tare da bawul, wasu haɗuwa (kamar 1 + 3 akan ƙaho ko 2 + 3 akan euphonium) suna da kaifi ko lebur saboda tsawon bututu. Bayar da yatsunsu na maye idan ya yiwu kuma bari ɗalibai suyi amfani da waɗannan daidaitawa.

Yin Sawu a Wasan Ƙungiya

Sautin aji ba kawai game da bayanan mutum bane, yana game da haɗin kai na ƙungiyar a cikin motsi, salo, da kuma kundin waƙoƙi. Ga dabarun da ke haɗuwa da sautin tare da kiɗa:

  • FLT:0]] Dynamic Intonation: Yin wasa da ƙarfi sau da yawa yana tura sahun kaifi; wasa mai laushi na iya motsawa a kwance. Yi duba sahun a matakan motsi daban-daban. Dole ne ɗalibai su koyi kula da cibiyar sahun ba tare da la'akari da ƙarar ba.
  • A cikin sassan fasaha masu sauri, 'yan wasa suna mai da hankali kan yatsunsu da karatu, galibi suna sadaukar da daidaiton sautin. Keɓewa da jinkirta sassan sauri, kunna su azaman madaidaitan kirtani don kulle intonation kafin hanzarta.
  • Lines na daidaitawa na Chrome: FLT: 1 Yi amfani da layin layi wanda ke motsawa ta hanyar maɓallan da yawa, yana buƙatar daidaitaccen micro. Misalai masu kyau ana iya samun su a cikin littattafan hanyoyin kamar FLT: 2 Breeze-Easy ko FLT: 4 Standard of Excellence.
  • FLT:0]]Conductor gestures and cues: Koyar da ɗalibai su kalli hannun mai gudanarwa don alamun numfashi waɗanda ke tsara daidaitawa a cikin shigarwa da sakin.
  • Ƙungiyoyin sauraron sauraro: Rarraba ƙungiyar zuwa ƙananan ƙungiyoyi na 'yan wasa huɗu zuwa shida. Kowace ƙungiya tana sautin ƙaramin rukuni ta amfani da jirgin sama, sannan ta yi ɗan gajeren sashi. Sauran ɗalibai suna kimanta sautin (ba a san su ba, idan ya cancanta). Wannan yana gina lissafi da ƙwarewar sauraro.

Yadda Za a magance Tarihin Da Ake Faɗawa Game da Ƙarfin Zuba Jari

Wasu ra'ayoyin da ba daidai ba za su iya hana ci gaba, amma bayyana su zai iya sa malamai da ɗalibai su daina yin sanyin gwiwa:

  • A gaskiya, kowane mai kunnawa, kayan aiki, murya, har ma da sautin ɗakin yana buƙatar micro-sanyawa. Koyar da cewa saitin yana da ƙarfi, ba mai daidaitawa ba.
  • Tasiri: Mai saita sauti koyaushe yana da kyau. [ ] Mai saita sauti yana nuna yanayin yanayi iri ɗaya, wanda bazai dace da daidaitaccen sautin da ake buƙata don kyawawan sauti ba. Yi amfani da mai saita sauti azaman jagora, amma bari kunnenka ya zama mai hukunci na ƙarshe.
  • Tasiri: Masu farawa suna da ƙuruciya sosai don koyon daidaitawa. Ko da ƙananan ɗalibai na iya daidaita sautin drone. Fara da wasannin masu sauƙi: Za ku iya sa sa sautinku su ɓace a kan wannan jirgin? Saurin fara sauraro yana gina halaye na sauraro na rayuwa.
  • Labari: Matsalolin saiti koyaushe laifin kayan aiki ne. [1] Yayinda ingancin kayan aiki ya kasance da mahimmanci, kashi 80% na matsalolin intonation sun fito ne daga bakin mai kunnawa, tallafin numfashi, da sauraro.

Nasihu Mai Amfani don Yin Saurin Sauraro a Babban Aikin Aiki

Idan ka yi wasa da mawaƙa 30 ko fiye a cikin ɗaki ɗaya, za ka iya yin sautin da ba zai dace ba.

  • Aika Shugabannin Sauyawa: Ka sanya ɗalibi ɗaya daga kowane sashe da ke da alhakin bincika cewa kowane slide na saƙa yana kan matsayi na asali kafin atisaye.
  • Yi amfani da Tsarin Tsarin Launi: FLT:1 Yi alama da slides da tef (misali, layin kore don kyakkyawan jan hankali don matsakaicin yanayin zafin jiki na ƙungiyar). Wannan yana ba masu farawa wani ma'auni na zahiri.
  • A farkon aji, kunna jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu na tsawon dakika 30 yayin da ɗalibai ke daidaitawa cikin nutsuwa. Sannan a ba da sigina don numfashi ɗaya da sautin sauti ɗaya. Saurari mai mahimmanci don bugun jini. Wannan aikin yana ɗaukar minti biyu kuma yana saita duk atisayen don nasara.
  • FLT:0]]Hanyar Motsi: (FLT: 1) Yi wa ɗalibai su rufe idanunsu kuma su motsa ko su ci gaba (don kaifi) ko baya (don kwance) yayin da suke daidaita sautin.
  • Tarafafawa mai kyau: Lokacin da ɗalibi ko sashe ya kulle a kan filin wasa daidai, tsaya kuma ku gane shi. Kun ji yadda wannan haɗin ke kira? Wannan shine sautin da muke bi. Bikin lokutan nasarar daidaitawa yana motsa ɗalibai su bi daidaito.

Ƙarshen

Ingantaccen sautin kayan aikin karafa a cikin aji ba aiki bane guda ɗaya amma tsari ne mai ci gaba wanda aka saka a cikin kowane gwaji. Ta hanyar haɗuwa da kyakkyawar fahimta game da sauti, ayyukan yau da kullun waɗanda ke ba da fifiko ga sauraro, amfani da fasaha mai kaifin baki, da dabarun ci gaba da aka tsara don yanayin kiɗa, masu ilimi na iya jagorantar ɗaliban su zuwa kyakkyawan sautin. Fiye da ƙwarewar fasaha, sautin yana haɓaka ƙwarewar kiɗa da fasaha ta haɗin kai. Lokacin da ɗakin cike da masu kunna karafa da gaske suka kulle tare a filin wasa, sauti ya wuce gona da iri kuma yana farawa da sanannen, sautin da aka koya da kyau.

Don ƙarin karatu, bincika albarkatu daga Ƙungiyar Ƙasar don Ilimin Kiɗa na FLT: 1 da kuma Ilimin Kiɗa na Yamaha. Suna ba da shirye-shiryen darasi kyauta, koyarwar bidiyo, da motsa jiki na intonation waɗanda za a iya daidaita su ga kowane aji.