french-horn-tactics
Yadda Za Ka Yi Canji Cikin Jituwa Daga Littafin da Aka Yi a Ƙasar Faransa
Table of Contents
Yin Gudanar da Canje-canje a Ƙasar Faransa
Kayan wasan Faransa ba shi da kyau game da sauye-sauyen rajista. Kadan kayan aiki suna buƙatar daidaitaccen numfashi, ƙuƙwalwa, da niyyar sauti kawai don motsawa daga ƙananan F zuwa tsakiyar C. Wannan ƙalubalen ya samo asali ne daga ƙarancin sauti na ƙaho: jerin jituwa suna cike da yawa a cikin ƙananan da matsakaiciyar rajista, kuma ƙarar magana tana da ƙarancin tsayi dangane da tsayin kayan aikin, yana buƙatar daidaitawa ta jiki na yau da kullun. Motsawa tsakanin rajista ba tare da ɓarkewar sauti ba, canjin launi, ko rawar jiki yana raba ƙwararren masani daga mai fasaha na ainihi.
Ko kuna yin tsalle-tsalle na melodic a cikin Strauss's First Concerto ko kewayawa da saurin ƙaho a cikin wani Mahler symphony, ikon sauyawa ba tare da matsala ba yana da mahimmanci. Wannan jagorar yana rarrabe ka'idodin biomechanical da na sauti a bayan nasarar jujjuya rajista. Za ku koyi cire manyan masu canji - iska, ƙugiya, harshe, hannu, da kunne -kuma sake gina su cikin ingantacciyar, daidaitaccen fasaha. Sakamakon ba kawai sauƙi ne na fasaha ba, amma mafi ma'ana, sauti mai launi a cikin dukkanin kayan aikin.
Yadda Za a Rubuta Fasaha da Kuma Jin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin
Don sauyawa cikin sauƙi, dole ne ku fara fahimtar bukatun jiki na kowane rijista. Yanayin ƙaho ya kai kusan uku da rabi octaves, amma saitin inji ya canza sosai daga ƙananan sautin pedal zuwa altissimo. 'Yan wasa yawanci suna raba zangon zuwa yankuna uku, kowannensu tare da nasa halayen sauti da kuma saitin ƙofar da ake buƙata:
- Low Register (F a ƙasa da tsakiyar C zuwa pedal C): (FLT:1) Ana nuna shi da duhu, murya mai sautin murya, da kuma yaduwar sauti. Jerin harmonic yana da ƙanƙanta a nan, wanda ke nufin ɓangarorin sun haɗu sosai. Wannan yana buƙatar kwanciyar hankali, ɗan ƙarfe a cikin ƙofar da ke da babban buɗewa. Saurin iska yana da jinkiri kuma mai girma.
- Matsakaicin rajista (tsakanin C zuwa G sama da sandar): [1] Wannan shine mafi kyawun ɓangaren ƙaho da daidaitaccen sashi. Sautin yana da dumi, mai ci gaba, da murya. Yawancin ɓangarorin mawaƙa da solo na waƙa suna zaune a cikin wannan rijistar.
- Babban rajista (A sama da ma'aikata da sama): (FLT:1) Haske, mai haske, da yankewa. Jerin jituwa yana faɗaɗa sosai, wanda ke nufin ƙofar dole ne ta zama mafi daidaito da ƙwarewa. Kusurwoyin bakin ya zama mai ƙarfi sosai, kuma buɗewar ta zama ƙarami da sauri. Saurin iska yana da girma kuma yana mai da hankalitunani game da busawa ta hanyar kaifi mai kaifi don sanyaya miya. Fashin bakinsa ya tashi zuwa harafin Ee, kuma jaws na iya ci gaba kaɗan. Hannun dama sau da yawa yana buɗewa kaɗan don rage sautin kuma ya haskaka sautin.
Fahimtar cewa kowane rijista yana bukatar wani nau'i na iska, girman buɗewa, da kuma siffar baki ya ba ka damar yin amfani da sauye-sauye ba a matsayin zato ba tsammani ba, amma a matsayin canje-canje na zahiri.
Abubuwan Mahimmanci na Mahimman Kayan Aikin Gudun Ruwa
Saurin yin rajista yana dogara ne da yadda abubuwa huɗu na zahiri suke yin wasa.
Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin
A cikin wani nau'i na ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙuƙ
Taimakon Jirgin Sama da Saurin
Ruwa na iska shine babban wakili na canjin rajista. Kankara zai yi magana a fili kawai idan ya sami matsin iska daidai don ɓangaren da aka yi niyya. Yawancin 'yan wasa suna ƙoƙarin matsa iska ta iska lokacin da suke motsawa sama, wanda a zahiri yana rage ƙarfin iska kuma yana sa bayanin kula ya karye ko ya zama kwance. Madadin haka, yi amfani da diaphragm don kula da doguwar, ginshiƙan iska mai goyan baya. Saurin iska dole ne ya canza kafin sauti na bayanin kula. Yi aiki da numfashi da sauri da cikakken, sannan ka jagorantar iska zuwa rajistar manufa. Sauran ƙananan sauti suna buƙatar girma (ƙafafuwa a minti ɗaya); sauran sauti suna buƙatar sauri (ƙafafuwa a dakika ɗaya).
Matsayin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bakin Bak
Harshe yana siffar rami na baki, wanda ke tasiri kai tsaye kan saurin da kuma mayar da hankali na iska. Don ƙananan rajista, sauke harshe a cikin bakinka kuma kuyi tunanin Toh ko Hoh. Don rijistar tsakiya, harshe yana kwanciya a matsayi na tsaka tsaki Tuh. Don babban rijista, bayan harshe yana taƙaitawa zuwa ga bakin mai laushi, kamar yadda yake da rubutun Ee. Wannan ƙuntatawa na hanyar bakin yana hanzarta iska ba tare da ƙarin ƙoƙari ba daga ƙofar. Lokacin da kake magana da rajista, daidaita rubutun ka zuwa bayanin kula: Toh don ƙananan hare-hare, Teh don tsakiya, da Tee don babban.
Matsayin Hannun Dama da Gyara Matsayi
Hannunka na dama a cikin kararrawa na ainihi ne na saitawa da sautin sauti. Saboda yanayin sautin ƙahoni ya bambanta ta hanyar rajista (ƙasa ya zama lebur, sama ya zama mai kaifi), dole ne matsayin hannunka ya daidaita. Lokacin da kake sauka cikin ƙananan rajista, rufe hannunka kaɗan (ya rufe ƙarin buɗe kararrawa) don duhu sautin kuma ƙara sautin. Lokacin da kake hawa cikin babban rajista, buɗe hannunka kaɗan (sake jan baya zuwa wuyan) don haskaka sautin kuma rage sautin. Waɗannan gyare-gyaren dole ne su faru a matsayin ɓangare na sauyawa, ba bayan ba.
Hadin Aural
Ana samun sauye-sauye ko rasa su a cikin kunnen ciki. Idan ba za ku iya jin sautin da aka yi niyya a fili a zuciyarku ba kafin ku kunna shi, tsarinku na zahiri ba shi da manufa. Yi aiki audiationkaranta sautin a cikikafin kowane sauye-sauye. Yi amfani da jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu (mai cikakken biyar ko octave) yayin da kuke yin slurs. Jirgin sama yana horar da kunnenku don hango cibiyar sautin, wanda hakan zai gaya wa bakinku da iska daidai abin da za ku yi. Ba tare da ƙarfin sautin sauti mai ƙarfi ba, jikinku ba ya yin tsammani, wanda ke haifar da sautin da jinkiri.
Tsarin Ayyuka na Ƙarfafawa don Canje-canje a cikin Rijistar
Ka ba da minti 15 20 a kowace rana don waɗannan motsa jiki, ka fara a hankali kuma a hankali ka ƙara saurin.
1. Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar
- Sirens: (FLT: 0) Farawa a tsakiyar zangon bakinka, zame lebe da iska a hankali har zuwa mafi girman busawa da zaka iya jurewa, sannan ka koma ƙasa zuwa mafi ƙasƙanci. Manufar ita ce ci gaba, ba tare da katsewa ba glissando ba tare da rawar jiki ko fashewar iska. Maimaita tsawon minti 2.
- Interval Slurs: Buzz a cikin tsakiyar sautin mai dadi (misali, wasan kwaikwayo G). Buga cikakkiyar biyar zuwa makamancin gaba ba tare da yin magana ba. Ka riƙe kowane sautin a kwance har tsawon 4 beats. Maimaita ta amfani da na huɗu, na uku, da octaves. Idan buzz ya karya, bincika ko saurin iska ya canza kafin lebe.
2. Harmonic Series da kuma Lip Slurs
- Fara a cikin tsakiyar rajista a kan wani harmonic F (buɗe ƙaho). Slur up da harmonic jerin: F (low), F (matsakaici), C, F (high), A, C. Koma a cikin wannan hanya. Kada ka bari sauti karya tsakanin sautunan; tunanin kana blowing through kowane bangare.
- Ka maimaita aikin a kan ƙahon B-flat (fure na yatsan hannu) don ka ga bambancin bambancin bambancin da ke tsakanin jerin harmonic.
- Ƙarfafawa Lip Slurs: Yi wasa da CGCGC (tsakiya zuwa sama) a cikin numfashi ɗaya, ya ɓace. Sa'an nan kuma DADAD. Ci gaba da chromatically. Mayar da hankali kan lokacin bump a kan hutu.
3. Nazarin Interval da Arpeggio
- FLT:0]] Octave Leaps: Yi wasa da F (F3) mai ƙaranci. Yi numfashi sosai. Yi wasa da F a sama (F4). Saurari duk wani jinkirin iska ko ƙwanƙwasa. Manufar ita ce sa ƙarancin sautin da ƙarancin sautin suyi kamar sun fito ne daga kayan aiki ɗaya da mai kunnawa, ba tare da canjin launi ba. Yi wannan tare da mai sautin don tabbatar da cewa octave ya dace daidai.
- Trigonus Arpeggios: Play CEGC (sakin octaves, farawa a tsakiyar C) slurred. Sa'an nan kuma koma. mayar da hankali a kan manyan tsalle daga tushen zuwa na uku da kuma daga na biyar zuwa tushen high. Tabbatar da kowane sautin yayi magana da daidaitattun tsabta da ingancin sautin.
- Rage Arpeggios: FLT:1 Tashin hankali na ƙarancin kirtani ya sa ya zama babban kayan aiki. Play BDFAB (akwatin takwas) ya ɓace. Babban tsalle da tsarin daidaitaccen tsari suna tilasta wa ƙofarku da iska su daidaita da sauri ba tare da dogaro da sanannun ƙirar ba.
4. Dynamic Shaping a fadin rajista
- Yi wasa da babban sikelin F na biyu (ƙananan F zuwa babban F). Yayin da kake hawa, aiwatar da FLT: 0crescendo. Yayin da kake sauka, aiwatar da decrescendo. Wannan yana tilasta maka ka kula da goyon bayan iska na yau da kullun ta hanyar sauyawa 'yan wasan suna barin iska ta huta daidai lokacin da suka fi buƙata.
- Ka juya motsi: decrescendo tashi, crescendo saukowa. Wannan ya fi wuya saboda kana yaki da kayan aiki ta halitta ya zama mai girma a cikin babban rajista. Yana gina musamman iko a kan iska.
Matsaloli da Suka Shafi Mutane da Kuma Maganin da Suka dace
| Problem | Cause | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Crack when leaping upward | Air speed is too slow; embouchure is squeezing too hard before the air arrives | Precede the leap with a quick, focused inhalation. Think “blow through” the note, not “clamp” for it. Practice the leap on the mouthpiece first. |
| Wobble or pitch dip after a large interval | Loss of abdominal support; sudden relaxation of the diaphragm | Keep the core engaged throughout the transition. Practice slow, sustained intervals with a drone. Do not let the pitch sag. |
| Flat low register after playing high notes | Embouchure remains set for high register; hand is too open | Consciously release thecorners as you descend. Close the right hand slightly to bring the pitch up. Exaggerate the relaxation at first. |
| Sharp high register after playing low notes | Too much air volume, not enough speed; hand is too closed | Switch from “Ah” to “Ee” tongue position. Slightly open the right hand. Focus on air speed over air volume. |
| Airy or fuzzy tone during the transition | Lack of seal around the mouthpiece; inefficient buzz aperture | Practice mouthpiece buzzing with a focus on a centered, resonant sound. Ensure the corners of the mouth are sealed against the teeth, not pulling back into a smile. |
| Hesitation or “thinking” before the leap | Lack of confidence in the aural target; tension in the throat | Use a drone to play the target note. Then remove the drone and try to match the pitch from memory. Relax the throat by imagining a “ho-ho” feeling. |
Ƙaddamar da Canje-canje a cikin Repertoire
Exercises build the foundation, but the true test of your register transitions comes from playing actual music. Isolate passages that contain significant register shifts and treat them as technical studies.
A cikin waƙar, akwai wasu matakai masu yawa tsakanin matsakaici da manyan rajista. Yi amfani da waɗannan matakai da aka yi da drone kafin ƙara salon da aka haɗa. Ka mai da hankali kan yin sautin sauti maimakon ihu.
Strawse Horn Concerto No. 1, opening theme: The opening octave leap from E to E is a famous trap. Yawancin 'yan wasa suna tilasta babban E, yana sa ya zama mai tsauri ko kaifi. Maimakon haka, yi tunanin sanya babban E tare da mai da hankali, mai saurin iska da buɗe makogwaro. Tsalle zai ji kamar numfashi mai tallafi maimakon tsalle.
Ravel Pavane pour une infante défunte, horn solo: Wannan babban darasi ne a cikin rikodin rikodin a cikin jimlar waƙa. The solo yana motsawa daga cikin rikodin tsakiyar mai dumi zuwa babban G. Yi aiki a rabin saurin, mai da hankali kan haɗin tsakanin kowane sautin. Saurari rikodin Dennis Brain ko Radovan Vlatković don haɗe kalmar.
Tsakiyar Tsakiyya na 5, murfin ƙaho na biyu: [1] The solo yana da tashin hankali mai ban mamaki zuwa babban A, sannan a bi shi da layin saukowa. Hadarin shine break a saman jimlar. Yi aiki da saukowa daga arpeggio a baya farko gina amincewar layin saukowa, sannan a yi amfani da shi don ƙalubalen hawa.
Tsarin aikin da aka tsara daga Horn Matters ya ba da ƙarin dabaru don rarraba waɗannan ɓangarorin zuwa abubuwan sarrafawa. mabuɗin shine daidaito, maimaita hankali.
Samfurin Kayan Wuta na Yau da kullum don Kayan Rubutawa
Ka yi amfani da minti 20 a kowace rana kafin ka soma yin wannan aikin, ba don ka daina yin amfani da ƙofar ba, amma don ka farka da shi a hankali kuma ka daidaita tsakanin kunnuwanka da tsokoki.
- Fitar da numfashi (minti 5): Fitar da numfashi a tsawon lokutan 4 a cikin saurin nutsuwa. Fitar da numfashi a tsawon lokutan 8, yana riƙe da matsin lamba.
- Muryar Muryar (5 min.): Fara da siren. Sa'an nan kuma busa wani tsakiya na tsakiya na G don ƙidaya 8. Sanya kashi biyar zuwa D ba tare da yin magana ba. Komawa. Maimaitawa don sauran tazara. Ka kiyaye sauti mai saurin sauti da kuma ci gaba.
- Low Register Long Tones (3 min): Ci gaba da ƙananan F, E, D, da C don 8 beats kowane a mm=60. Mai da hankali kan shakatawa, duhu sautin. Yi amfani da tuner don kiyaye sautin daga sagging. Gyara hannun dama kamar yadda ake buƙata.
- Matsakaicin Lissafin Lip Slurs (4 min.): Yi wasa da CGCGC. Sa'an nan kuma DADAD. Ci gaba da haɓaka zuwa GDGDG. Saurari lokacin canjin kuma sa ya zama marar ganuwa.
- High Register Half-Step Warm-Up (2 min.): Yi wasa GAG slurred, sannan AAA, da sauransu har zuwa babban C. Wannan yana gina iko na rabin mataki a cikin babban rijista ba tare da yin haɗarin babban tsalle mai ƙarfi ba.
- Full-Range Arpeggios (1 minti): Yi wasa da F mai girma, G mai girma, da A mai girma arpeggios a cikin octaves biyu, slurred.
Ƙarshen
Ƙirƙirar sauye-sauye masu sauƙi a kan ƙaho na Faransa ba gaggawa ba neshi ne mai tsawo na dogon lokaci na ingantaccen injiniya. Ta hanyar rarrabe rawar bakin, iska, harshe, hannu, da kunne, da kuma ta hanyar yin tunani, motsa jiki na yau da kullum, kuna gina haɗin kai mai aminci a duk rajista. Sakamakon ba kawai sauƙi ne na fasaha ba amma mafi bayyana, daidaitaccen sautin da ke haɓaka kowane yanki da kuke wasa. Yi haƙuri, saurara da kyau, kuma ku yi bikin ƙananan haɓakawa. Tare da ƙoƙari mai ɗorewa, zaku iya sarrafa dukkanin zangon tare da amincewa da fasaha.