Table of Contents

Gabatarwa ga Faransanci Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin

Kankin Faransanci yana da matsayi na musamman a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa da ƙungiyar iska, wanda aka yi bikinsa saboda sautinsa mai dumi, mai ɗaukar hoto da kuma kewayon magana mai ban mamaki. Duk da haka ga yawancin 'yan wasa, ko suna farawa ne ko suna da ƙwarewar shekaru da yawa don buɗe ƙarfin motsin zuciyar kayan aiki yana buƙatar fiye da kayan fasaha. Yana buƙatar zurfin fahimta, mai amfani da bayanin kida da motsin rai, alamomi da umarni waɗanda ke canza bayanan rubutu zuwa raye-raye, numfashi. Bayanan rubutu yana gaya muku abin da za ku yi wasa, amma motsin rai da magana suna gaya muku yadda za ku yi wasa. Masanin waɗannan abubuwan yana bawa ɗan wasan ƙaho na Faransanci damar tsara jimloli, gina ɗakunan magana, da sadarwa kai tsaye tare da mai sauraro.

Wannan labarin yana ba da cikakken jagora ga ƙirar ƙaho da kuma ƙarfin hali na Faransa. Yana rufe abubuwan da ke tattare da karatun sassan ƙaho, yana bincika rawar da ke nuna alamar ƙirar ƙira, yana bincika maganganu na yau da kullun da fasahar ado, kuma yana ba da dabarun aiki don haɗa waɗannan ka'idodin cikin aikin yau da kullun. Ko kuna shirya solo, shiga cikin ƙungiyar ɗakin, ko wasa a cikin cikakken ƙungiyar mawaƙa, iko mai ƙarfi na ƙira da ƙarfin hali zai haɓaka aikinku da zurfafa muryarku ta fasaha.

Ƙididdigar Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙ

Karatun kiɗa don ƙaho na Faransa ya ƙunshi abubuwa iri ɗaya na asali kamar karantawa ga kowane kayan aiki pitch, rhythm, maɓallan, sa hannu na maɓalli, da sa hannu na lokaci amma tare da wasu mahimman abubuwan da kowane mai kunnawa dole ne ya fahimta. Fahimtar waɗannan abubuwan asali shine mataki na farko zuwa ga amincewa da gani da kuma aikin da ya dace.

Ƙarshen Faransa a matsayin Kayan Aikin Canza

Kankin Faransanci kayan aiki ne na fassara a cikin F. Wannan yana nufin cewa lokacin da mai kunnawa ya karanta rubutaccen C, sautin sauti yana da F cikakke biyar ƙasa. Tarihi, an gina ƙahon a cikin maɓallan da yawa.

Yawancin sassan ƙaho na zamani sun haɗa da alamar ƙaho mai tsayawa (wanda aka nuna ta alamar ƙari a sama da bayanin kula ko da'ira), wanda ke buƙatar mai kunnawa ya rufe kararrawa da hannu don samar da shiru, ƙarfe. Wasu mawaƙa kuma suna rubuta don fasahar ƙaho na hannu, waɗanda suke da yawa a cikin Baroque da Repertoire na gargajiya. Fahimtar fassarar ba zaɓi bane.

Maɓalli da Range

Ana rubuta sassan ƙaho kusan kawai a cikin maɓallin ƙira. Wannan yana sa karantawa ta kasance mai sauƙi ga playersan wasa waɗanda ke jin daɗin maɓallin ƙira, amma kuma yana gabatar da ƙalubale: saboda zangon ƙira ya faɗaɗa daga na biyu B♭ a ƙarƙashin tsakiyar C zuwa na biyu F a sama da tsakiyar C, layin babban littafi da tsalle na iya zama na yau da kullun da ƙalubale. Maɓallin ƙira yana bayyana a wasu lokuta a cikin tsofaffi ko ingantaccen wallafe-wallafe, musamman don ƙananan matakai, amma maɓallin ƙira ya kasance misali.

Sanin nesa yana tafiya tare da daidaito na sautin. Sassan ƙahoni suna kusa da juna a cikin manyan da matsakaiciyar rajista, yana sa labbobin lebe da tsalle-tsalle na tsayi su zama masu rikitarwa. Dole ne a karanta bayanin tare da fahimtar inda kowane sautin yake zaune a cikin jerin jituwa na ƙahon. Wannan sanin yana taimakawa hana karyewar sautin da ɓatar da shigarwa.

Alamar Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙ

Alamar haɗin gwiwa ta gaya wa mai kunnawa yadda za a fara da haɗa bayanan rubutusun kasance masu mahimmanci ga halayen magana.

  • Slur: Layin mai lankwasa wanda ke haɗa sautin biyu ko fiye, yana nuna cewa ya kamata a yi wasa da kyau kuma a haɗa su. Slurs sune tushen wasa legato.
  • Staccato: A dot sama ko a kasa da notehead, ma'ana da bayanin kula ya kamata a buga gajere da kuma rabu. A kan ƙaho, staccato na bukatar wani m harshen saki da kuma m numfashi goyon baya.
  • Tenuto: A kananan horizontal line sama ko kasa da rubutu shugaban, nuna cewa bayanin kula ya kamata a riƙe ga cikakken darajar (ko dan kadan ya fi tsayi) tare da wani dan kadan girmamawa.
  • A kwance ko caret alama (> ko ^) a sama da notehead, ma'ana da bayanin kula ya kamata a jaddada tare da karfi hari.
  • Staccatissimo: A dot da karamin kwano, yana nuna wani har ma da gajeren, more percussive magana. Ko da yake shi ne kasa kowa a cikin ƙaho sassa, shi ya bayyana a zamani repertoire.

Kowane magana tana canja yanayin sauti. Yin amfani da sikelin da kuma motsa jiki da ke nuna yadda ake magana da kalmomi dabam-dabam hanya ce mai kyau na samun sassauci da kuma daidaito.

Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin

Dynamics suna isar da sauti mai laushi, mai ƙarfi, da duk abin da ke tsakanin kuma suna iya zama kayan aiki mafi kai tsaye ga mai kunnawa don bayyana motsin rai. Ƙarƙashin Faransa da aka zagaye, sautin murya ya sa ya zama mai amsawa ga yanayin motsin rai, kuma mawallafa sun daɗe suna amfani da wannan damar.

Alamar Dynamic na Ƙarshe

Alamar da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin sassan ƙaho na Faransa suna da mahimmanci a duk faɗin ma'anar kiɗa na Yammacin Turai:

  • FLT:0]]pp (pianissimo): Yana da matukar taushi. Yana buƙatar sarrafa numfashi mai laushi da kuma ƙirar ƙirar ƙira. Sau da yawa ana amfani dashi don abubuwan ban mamaki, masu ban mamaki.
  • p (piano): Soft. Ƙaho yana da dabi'a mai kyau a cikin yawancin solo.
  • mp (mezzo-piano): Matsakaici mai laushi. Matsakaici mai farawa don layin ƙaho waɗanda ke buƙatar haɗuwa ba tare da rinjaye ba.
  • mf (mezzo-forte): Mai tsananin ƙarfi. Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi don amintattun layin bayyanawa.
  • f (ƙarfi): Mai ƙarfi. Yana buƙatar ƙarfin numfashi da kwanciyar hankali don kauce wa fasa ko kaifi.
  • ff (fortissimo): Mai saurin sauti. Ƙaho na iya samar da ƙarfi, sauti na jarumi a wannan matakin, amma sarrafawa yana da mahimmanci don kula da sautin da ingancin sautin.
  • FLT:0]]sfz (sforzando): Wani saurin kai tsaye, mai ƙarfi a kan sautin ko ƙarar. A cikin sassan ƙaho, wannan yakan bayyana a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa.
  • fp (forte-piano): mai ƙarfi wanda nan da nan ya biyo baya mai laushi. Yana buƙatar daidaitaccen motsi da sauri da kuma ingantaccen goyon bayan numfashi.

Baya ga waɗannan alamun na yau da kullun, mawaƙa wani lokacin suna amfani da ppp (pianississimo) ko fff (fortississimo) don matsanancin motsi. Kiɗa na zamani na iya haɗawa da mai motsi mai motsi mai motsi wanda ke buɗewa ko kusa don nuna canje-canje a hankali, ko kuma farin taken rubutu don sauti mara kyau ko iska. Ya kamata 'yan wasa su bi da kowane alamar motsi a matsayin umarniba shawara yayin da suke amfani da ra'ayin su na kiɗa don tsara jimloli cikin tsari.

Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙ

Crescendos () da diminuendos () suna cikin kayan aikin da suka fi bayyanawa a cikin makaman mai kunna ƙaho. Suna nuna ƙaruwa ko raguwa a cikin ƙarar a kan jerin bayanan ko wani sashi.

Wani abin da ya fi kowa a cikin masu wasa shine saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin

Tsayayyar tsayayyar tsayayya tana da mahimmanci ga labarin kiɗa. A Crescendo da aka aiwatar da kyau na iya gina tashin hankali zuwa ƙaruwar, yayin da raguwa mai laushi na iya haifar da yanayi na introspection ko rufewa. Masu ƙwararrun ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙira galibi suna amfani da canje-canje masu mahimmanci a cikin sautin guda ɗaya don ƙara siffa da shugabanci.

Hanyar Nuna Fasaha da Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan K

Bayan bayanin asali na sauti da girma, bayanin ƙaho na Faransanci ya ƙunshi ƙamus mai yawa na fasahohi da kayan ado. Wadannan alamomi suna umurtar mai kunnawa don ƙara ado, canza kai hari ko lalata wata sanarwa, ko samar da sautin musamman.

Hanyoyin Legato da Slur

Yin wasa da Legato shine ainihin al'adun harshen Faransanci. A slur yana nuna cewa ya kamata a yi wasa da sautin da kyau kuma a haɗa su, ba tare da haɗuwa daga harshe tsakanin su ba. A kan ƙaho, ana samun slur ta hanyar canza sautin ta hanyar daidaitawa da saurin iska maimakon yin magana. Yin amfani da slur lips motsawa tsakanin sassan da ke makwabtaka ba tare da canza yatsunsu ba yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka daidaito, haɗe da legato a cikin kewayon kayan aiki.

Baya ga lafazi na yau da kullun, sassan ƙahoni wani lokacin sun haɗa da lafazi da alamar staccato (dots a ƙarƙashin lafazi) wanda ke nuna ɗan ɗanɗano mai sauƙi amma har yanzu yana da alaƙa.

Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙ

Kayan ado suna ƙara ado da haske ga waƙoƙi.

  • Trill: Flt: 1 Rapid alternation tsakanin rubutaccen rubutu da rubutu mataki a sama (ko wani lokaci rabin mataki, dangane da maɓallin). Trill yana buƙatar ƙwarewar yatsunsu da daidaitaccen aiki tare da ƙofar. A cikin sassan ƙaho, trill sau da yawa suna bayyana a cikin ayyukan zamanin gargajiya na Mozart da Haydn, da kuma a cikin ɓangarorin ƙungiyar mawaƙa.
  • Murmushi: A cikin murmushi mai sauri tsakanin bayanin kula da rubutu a ƙasa (ƙananan murmushi) ko sama (ƙananan murmushi). Ana yin murmushi a matsayin sautin guda uku: babban sautin, maƙwabcin sautin, da komawa zuwa babban sautin. Suna ƙara ƙarfin rhythmic da filigree.
  • Juyawa: FLT:1]] Kayan ado na huɗu: bayanin kula a sama, bayanin kula da aka rubuta, bayanin kula a ƙasa, da komawa zuwa bayanin kula. Ana iya rubuta juyawa tare da alamar da ke sama da bayanin kula ko sanya tsakanin bayanan. Suna buƙatar saurin yatsu da harshen haske.
  • Ƙananan bayanan da aka buga kafin babban bayanin, yawanci suna wasa da sauri kuma suna ɓoyewa cikin babban bayanin.

Kayan ado ba kawai kayan ado bane. Suna da nauyin salo. A cikin Baroque da kiɗa na gargajiya, ana yin kayan ado sau da yawa, kuma rubutun da aka rubuta na iya bambanta dangane da mawallafi da zamanin. Masu wasa ya kamata suyi nazarin aikin wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi kuma su saurari rikodin wasan kwaikwayo na kayan aiki don fahimtar salon da ya dace don kundin waƙoƙi daban-daban.

Ƙarfafawa mai ƙarfi da Sforzando

Alamomin da aka yi wa ƙarfi kamar FLT:0sforzando (FLT: 1) (FLT: 2)), forzando (FLT: 3) (FLT: 4)), da rinforzando (FLT: 5) (FLT: 6) (FLT: 7) suna nuna hanzari, mai ƙarfi a kan wata ƙira ko kirtani. Waɗannan sun bambanta da daidaitattun ƙira a cikin ƙarfin su da gaggawa. A kan ƙahon, aiwatar da waɗannan alamun yana buƙatar saurin fashewar iska daga diaphragm, ƙirar harshe mai kyau, da nutsuwa nan take don kula da iko bayan haka.

Yadda Za a Yi Fassara Don Bayyana Labarun Kiɗa

Karanta bayanan da kuma motsin zuciyarmu daidai shine kawai farkon.

Fassara da Alamar Hashi

Fassara shine hanyar da mai kunnawa ke tsara layin kiɗa, kamar yadda mai magana ke tsara jumla. A cikin rubutun ƙaho, ana nuna phrasing sau da yawa ta hanyar ɓata, ƙirar motsi, da alamun numfashi ( ko ƙaramin kusurwa). Alamun numfashi suna nuna inda mai kunnawa ya kamata ya numfashi, kuma ba su da son rai ba. Suna tsara sautin kiɗa da gudanawar motsin rai na kiɗa. numfashi da aka ɗauka a lokacin da ba daidai ba zai iya lalata jumla, yayin da numfashi mai kyau zai iya haɓaka tashin hankali ko sakin.

Lokacin da kake nazarin sabon yanki, saka alamar numfashinka a cikin waƙar, amma kuma kayi gwaji tare da wuraren numfashi daban-daban don ganin yadda suke shafar layin. Gabaɗaya, numfashi a iyakokin jimloli, amma a cikin tsawo za ku iya buƙatar nemo wuraren hutu masu kyau waɗanda ba sa lalata madaurin kiɗa. Masu kunnawa masu sana'a galibi suna amfani da numfashi mai tsalle-tsalle a cikin sassan mawaƙa don kula da ci gaba mara iyaka.

Yadda Za a Yi Wa'azi

Alamar iri ɗaya na iya nufin abubuwa daban-daban dangane da lokacin tarihi da nau'in kiɗa. Alal misali:

  • A cikin kiɗan Baroque, alamun motsi ba su da yawa kuma galibi suna nuna motsi mai ƙarfi (sauyawa ba zato ba tsammani maimakon canje-canje a hankali). Ana tsammanin kayan ado kuma galibi ana yin su da kai.
  • A cikin kiɗa na gargajiya, alamun motsi suna zama mafi ƙayyadaddun, kuma furci ya fi dacewa. Sassan ƙaho galibi suna amfani da piano da FLT a cikin maye, wani lokacin tare da crescendos don tasirin ban mamaki.
  • A cikin waka ta zamani da ta zamani, alamun motsi suna da cikakken bayani, kuma mawallafa galibi suna amfani da umarni masu ma'ana kamar su FLT:2 espressivo, FLT:4 dolce, FLT:6 marcato, ko FLT:8 cantable don jagorantar fassarar.

Fahimtar waɗannan taron zai taimake ka ka yanke shawara mai kyau game da yadda za ka yi amfani da alamun da ke shafi.

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Kafin ka iya yin amfani da rubutu da kuma sautin da kake so ka yi, kana bukatar ka yi amfani da shi sosai.

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Kafin ka kunna wata sanarwa, ka yi nazarin ƙidayar. Ka gano duk alamun motsi, maganganu, maganganu masu banƙyama, alamun numfashi, da duk wasu umarni na musamman. Ka nemi ƙiracrescendos waɗanda ke haifar da lokutan ƙarshe, canje-canje masu banƙyama na gaggawa waɗanda ke ba da shawarar bambance-bambance masu ban mamaki, da canje-canjen magana waɗanda ke ƙayyade halin wani sashe.

Hakanan zaka iya amfani da ƙimar motsa jiki na FLT: 0 (tare da tsawo mai nisa ko sandunan blank don bayanin kula) don rubuta abubuwan da kake lura. Yawancin 'yan wasa masu sana'a suna amfani da fensir mai launi don nuna ƙarfin hali (misali, ja don FLT: 3), shuɗi don FLT: 5 piano) da alamomin magana. Wannan ƙarfafawar gani yana sauƙaƙa tunawa da aiwatar da alamun yayin wasan kwaikwayon.

Hanyar Aikin Gudanar da Gudanarwa

Ƙarfafa iko da motsin rai yana bukatar aiki na fasaha mai kyau.

  • Sautin dogon sautin tare da juyawa mai ƙarfi: Ci gaba da sautin guda ɗaya a cikin ƙarfin piano, sannan crescendo zuwa forte a kan bugun jini huɗu, sannan ragewa zuwa piano a kan bugun jini huɗu. Maimaita a wurare daban-daban a cikin zangon ku. Wannan yana haɓaka goyon bayan numfashi da kwanciyar hankali na ƙofar.
  • FLT:0 Scales tare da maganganu daban-daban: Play F babban sikelin (ko duk wani sikelin a cikin aikinka na yau da kullun) ta amfani da legato, staccato, tenuto, da marcato, duk yayin da suke kula da daidaitaccen motsi. Sa'an nan kuma maimaita sikelin tare da madaidaicin arccrescendo sama, diminuendo ƙasa.
  • FLT:0] Tsalle-tsalle na tsayi tare da motsi mai motsi: Yi amfani da tsayi mai faɗi (misali, octaves ko goma) tare da crescendo zuwa saman sautin kuma ragewa. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen gina kula da da ake buƙata don ɓangarorin lyrical da aka fallasa.
  • Aikin numfashi ba tare da ƙahon ba: Aikin numfashi mai zurfi da kwanciyar hankali, numfashi a kan sauti sss ko fff a matakai daban-daban. Wannan yana haɓaka wayar da kan jama'a game da saurin iska da daidaitaccen sauti.

Saurara don ka ga ko ka canja halayen da kake yi, ko ka san yadda kake magana da shi, ko kuma yadda kake ji a cikin sautin da kake yi yana da kyau.

Yin Amfani da Fasaha da Saƙonni

Fasahar zamani tana ba da kayan aiki da yawa don inganta karatun rubutu da sarrafa motsi. Aikace-aikacen Metronome tare da alamun motsi na iya taimaka muku yin aiki tare da saurin lokaci da girma a lokaci guda. Aikace-aikacen tuner tare da ra'ayoyin gani na FLT:3 suna ba ku damar ganin kwanciyar hankali yayin canje-canje masu motsi. Wasu aikace-aikace har ma suna ba ku damar ɗaukar alamun motsi akan ƙimar dijital.

Nazarin rikodin mawaƙa na duniya yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyi mafi inganci don haɓaka fassarar motsi da bayanin rubutu. Saurari wasan kwaikwayon da 'yan wasa kamar Dennis Brain, Radovan Vlatković, Sarah Willis, da Stefan Dohr. Kula da yadda suke tsara jimloli, yadda suke amfani da motsi don faɗar labari, da yadda suke bambanta magana a cikin mahallin kiɗa. Yi ƙoƙarin kwaikwayon hanyar su a cikin aikinka, sannan a hankali ka haɓaka muryar fassararka.

Yin Nasara a Matsaloli na Gabaɗaya

Masu ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa na Faransa suna fuskantar ƙalubale na musamman a lokacin da ya zo ga rubutu da kuma motsi.

Ƙalubalen: Ka daidaita Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin

Kula da matsin lamba mai laushi ba tare da rasa sautin ko ingancin sautin ba shine gwagwarmaya ta kowa. Halin halitta na ƙaho a kan piano FLT:0 shine sautin ya faɗi, musamman a cikin babban rajista. Maganin yana cikin goyon bayan numfashi FLT: 3. Don matsin lamba mai laushi, kuna buƙatar iska mai ƙarfi, mai sauri wanda aka matsa ta hanyar ƙaramin buɗe lebe. Yi aiki da sautin piano FLT: 5 tare da sautin doguwa kuma yi amfani da tuner don tabbatar da cewa sautin ba ya sauka. Sannu a hankali ƙara tsawon sautin piano FLT: 7 yayin da ke riƙe da sautin sautin.

A madadin haka, ƙarfin ƙarfi (FLT: 0) sau da yawa yakan haifar da sautin ƙarfi, kaifi, ko tsagewa. Maɓalli shine don kauce wa busawa. Ka riƙe ƙofar da ke da ƙarfi amma mai sassauƙa, kuma ka jagorantar iska daidai cikin tsakiyar bakin. Yi amfani da madubi ko rikodin bidiyo don bincika tashin hankali a cikin wuyansa, kafadu, ko jaw.

Ƙalubale: Ka Karanta Sassan da Aka Sace da Gaskiya

Transposition wani kalubale ne na dindindin ga 'yan wasan ƙaho na Faransa. Ko da masu sana'a masu kwarewa suna fama a wasu lokuta idan sun fuskanci sassa da aka rubuta a cikin maɓalli waɗanda suka bambanta da wasan kwaikwayo.

  • Yi aiki da karanta gani a F, amma kuma a B♯ (musamman idan kun yi wasa biyu ƙaho) da kuma a cikin sauran mahimman tarihi kamar D, E♭, da G. Yawancin rubutun mawaƙa suna buƙatar karantawa a cikin sauye-sauye da yawa a cikin yanki ɗaya.
  • Yi amfani da zane-zane na fassarar a matsayin tunani, amma suna nufin su shiga cikin dangantaka ta hanyar aiki na yau da kullum.
  • Ka yi wasa da wasu sautin da aka yi wa ƙungiyar mawaƙa yayin da kake karanta abin da aka canja wa waƙar.
  • Ka mai da hankali kan tazara. Maimakon yin tunanin C ya zama F, yi tunanin up a cikakkiyar biyar. Canjin da ya dogara da tazara ya fi sauri kuma ya fi na kiɗa fiye da juyawa ta rubutu zuwa rubutu.

Abubuwan da ke cikin The International Horn Society suna ba da kyawawan kayan aiki don aikin fassarar, gami da tarin rubutun da motsa jiki.

Ƙalubale: Ka Kiyaye Sautin Sauti Sa'ad da Ake Canja-canje

Canje-canje masu ƙarfi na iya sa sa sa sautin ya zama m (a cikin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin) ko m (a cikin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin).

  • Saurin iska: Saurin iska don sautin sauti da ƙarfin ƙarfi; dan kadan a hankali amma har yanzu iska mai daidaituwa don sautin sauti mai sauƙi da laushi.
  • Tashin hankali na bakin: Yankunan bakin ya kamata su kasance masu ƙarfi yayin da cibiyar ta kasance mai sassauƙa. Tashin hankali sosai don sautin da ke da ƙarfi ko mai ƙarfi yana kashe sautin; rashin tallafi don sautin da ke ƙasa ko mai laushi yana haifar da rashin ƙarfi.
  • A hankali ka ƙara yawan motsa jiki. Kada ka yi ƙoƙarin yin FLT: 2ff kafin ka mallaki FLT: 4mf tare da sautin da ya dace.

Rubuta kanka kana wasa a kan sikelin tare da cikakken madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya. Idan an matsa babban FLT:6 ko ƙananan FLT:8 to daidaita tsarinka ta amfani da ka'idodin da ke sama.

Ƙarshen: Ka Ƙara Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Faransanci Ta Hanyar Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙar

Fahimtar ƙirar ƙaho da kuma ƙarfin ƙaho na Faransanci ba ƙwarewa ce ta ƙarin ba shine tushen aikin magana. Ta hanyar sarrafa fassarar, karanta maganganu da kayan ado daidai, da haɓaka sarrafawa mai motsi, kun canza kanku daga mai kunnawa wanda ke sake buga ƙira zuwa mawaƙa wanda ke ba da labari. Kowane slur, magana, crescendo, da alamar numfashi suna ɗauke da ma'ana, kuma aikinku shine ku kawo waɗannan ma'anonin zuwa rayuwa ta hanyar kayan aikinku.

Ka yi aiki a kai a kai, ka yi amfani da waɗannan abubuwa. Ka bincika waƙoƙin kafin ka yi wasa, ka yi amfani da rikodi da fasaha a matsayin kayan aikin koyo, kuma ka nemi ra'ayoyi daga malamai da abokan aiki. Ƙaho na Faransa kayan aiki ne mai ban mamaki da zurfin; da ya fi fahimtar sautinsa da ƙarfinsa, za ka iya bayyana waƙar a cikinka. Ko kana yin waƙar Mozart, waƙar sautin Strauss, ko kuma aikin ɗaki na zamani, ikon ka na waɗannan tushe zai haskaka ta kowace sautin.

Don ƙarin karatu, bincika albarkatu daga FLT:0 The International Horn Society, kuma kuyi nazarin ayyukan ilimin ilimi na Philip Farkas, Gunther Schuller, da Hermann Baumann.