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Me Ya Sa Za Ka Yi Ƙarfi a Kan Ƙa'idodin Jazz da Ka Shaida?

Ka'idodin jazz sune kashin baya na yawancin kundin kundin kundin waƙoƙin mawaƙa. Sauti kamar "Autumn Leaves", "All the Things You Are", da "Take Five" suna ba da kyakkyawar ƙasa ga masu wasa da masu sauraro. Duk da haka, daidaitaccen abincin waɗannan warhorses na iya haifar da tsinkaya da ƙarancin ci gaba. Binciken ƙa'idodin jazz na yau da kulluntunes da manyan mawaƙa suka rubuta amma ba safai suke yin su yana buɗe duniyar sababbin ƙalubale da ladabi. Waɗannan ɓoyayyun duwatsu masu daraja galibi suna da abubuwan da ba a zata ba da jituwa, ƙirar rhythmic mai rikitarwa, da layin waƙa waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙwarewar kiɗa. Ga ƙungiyoyin mawaƙa, sakamakon yana da yawa: haɓaka ƙwarewa, shirye-shiryen ƙira, da kuma sautin da ke sa ƙungiyar ta bambanta da waɗanda ke wasa da aminci.

Bugu da ƙari, shirye-shiryen da ba a san su ba suna jan hankalin masu sauraro waɗanda suka gaji da jin zabin guda ɗaya a kowane kide kide. Yana nuna sadaukarwa don bincika cikakken faɗin al'adun jazz kuma yana nuna yarda don zurfafa zurfafawa. Gasar, bukukuwa, da rikodin duk suna amfana daga irin wannan asali. A ƙarshe, haɗa ƙa'idodin da ba a saba da su yana taimaka wa ƙungiyar haɓaka ƙwarewar haɓaka haɓaka, haɗin haɗin kai na ƙungiyar, da kuma ainihi na musamman wanda ke riƙe da ƙwaƙwalwar masu sauraro.

Yadda Za Ka Zaɓi Ƙa'idar da Ta Fi dacewa da Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙ

Zaɓin waƙa mai kyau yana bukatar a yi tunani sosai.

Na'urori da kuma daidaitawa

Ba kowane misali na jazz ke fassara zuwa lasifikan kai ba. Bincika waƙoƙin da ke kan kayan lasifikan kai. Ka guji waƙoƙi tare da manyan ƙananan zangon ko saurin ɓangarorin chromatic waɗanda zasu iya zama baƙon abu. Yi la'akari da jituwa: za a iya rarraba muryoyin ƙira a cikin ƙaho, trombones, da ƙahonin Faransanci? Pieces tare da bayyanannu, layi masu sautin waƙa da motsi mai ma'ana sun dace da mafi kyau.

Matsayi Mai Kyau na Ƙalubalen

Zaɓi ƙa'idodin da ke shimfiɗa ƙungiyar ba tare da mamayewa ba. Sautin da ke da matsakaiciyar saurin da canje-canje masu sarrafawa na ƙira yana da kyau ga ƙungiyoyi masu matsakaici, yayin da ƙungiyoyi masu ci gaba zasu iya magance layin bebop tare da maye gurbin ƙira mai sauri ko daidaitaccen ƙira. Manufar ita ce ta ƙarfafa ci gaba, ba takaici ba. Yi la'akari da buƙatun fasaha akan kowane sashi: saurin arpeggios don ƙaho, ƙwarewar slide don trombones, da jimiri ga duk 'yan wasa.

Ƙarfin Ƙarfafawa

Mafi kyawun ƙa'idodin jazz yana ba da ƙasa mai kyau don solo. Neman waƙoƙi tare da ci gaba mai ban sha'awa wanda ke ba da shawarar zaɓin sikelin da yawa kuma yana ƙarfafa tunanin layi. Waƙoƙi tare da maimaita vamps ko sassan modal na iya haifar da haɓaka haɓaka. Guji sassan inda jituwa ta kasance mai tsayayya da cewa solo ya zama mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ko kuma mai rikitarwa wanda zai hana ɗaukar haɗari.

Tarihi da Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin

Kowane misali yana da labari. Zaɓin abubuwa daga lokatai daban-daban da mawallafadaga ballads na littafin waƙar Amurka mai girma zuwa layin hard bop mai kusurwayana wadatar da fahimtar ƙungiyar game da juyin juya halin jazz. Wannan yanayin tarihi na iya ba da labari ga zaɓin wasan kwaikwayon da zurfafa fassarar kiɗa. Sautin daga shekarun 1930 na iya buƙatar ɗanɗano mai sauƙi, yayin da kayan aikin modal na shekarun 1960 na iya buƙatar ƙarin sarari, buɗewa.

Ka'idodin Jazz guda takwas da aka ƙayyade da kyau ga ƙungiyoyin Brass

Ga zaɓuɓɓuka guda takwas masu kyau, kowannensu yana da halaye na musamman da kuma damar da za a iya yin amfani da su don tsarawa da kuma yin amfani da su.

  • "Conception" (George Shearing) A bebop staple tare da wani m, syncopated melody da rikitarwa harmonic motsi cewa ya hada da m ii-V-I ci gaba. Ideal ga ci gaba kungiyoyin neman m ensemble sassan da kalubalanci solo canje-canje. The melody aka located well in the trumpet range kuma za a iya harmonized a cikin hudu sassa ga wani iko sauti.
  • "Old Devil Moon" (Burton Lane / E.Y. Harburg) (FLT:1) Daga waƙar fim din Finian's Rainbow, wannan waƙa ta haɗu da jin daɗin motsawa tare da sauye-sauyen da ba a zata ba, gami da daidaitawa mai ban mamaki a cikin gada. Sautin saƙa yana aiki da kyau don tagulla, kuma gada tana ba da wadataccen yankin jituwa don haɓaka. Sassan A suna cikin C mai girma tare da sauyawa cikin sauri zuwa Ab mai girma a cikin gada, yana gwada ikon ƙungiyar don sauya cibiyoyin sautin cikin sauƙi.
  • "Darn That Dream" (Jimmy Van Heusen / Eddie DeLange) [1] Flatts: 1 Wani waƙa mai ban sha'awa wanda ke nuna wasan kwaikwayo na waƙa. Layin ciki na ciki da motsi na bass yana haifar da yanayin da ya dace don masu nuna bambanci. Ƙungiyoyin jan ƙarfe na iya bincika ƙwarewar motsi da haɗin kai, musamman ta amfani da ƙananan ƙarfe (trombone, bass trombone) don wadatattun launuka masu duhu. Halin sautin shine AABA tare da ƙalubalen ƙarshe A ɓangaren da ke tashi zuwa babban sautin.
  • "Stablemates" (Benny Golson) A matsakaici-tempo hard bop abun da ke ciki da wani abin tunawa melody da jerin modulations cewa gwajin da taro intonation da rhythmic hadin kai. Solo sassan ne gina a kan wani keke harmonic tsarin da lada haƙuri improvisers wanda zai iya kewaya da canji keys. The sautin fara a C karami da kuma motsi ta hanyar da dama m keys, sa shi mai kyau mota ga key cibiyar ganewa.
  • "Flat" yana ba da yanayi mai ban mamaki, mai ban mamaki, da kuma ƙananan maɓallin kewayawa. Sautin yana maye gurbin tsakanin madaidaiciyar takwas da swing, yana ba masu shirya abubuwa da yawa na kayan aiki. Kyakkyawan don nuna mawaƙa a cikin yanayin duhu. Waƙar tana amfani da maimaita yanayin rhythmic wanda za'a iya yin tasiri a cikin sashin tagulla.
  • "Dewey Square" (Charlie Parker) (FLT:1) Wani classic Bird blues kai da wani juyawa: da waƙa da aka gina a kan wani jerin arpeggios cewa bayyane da blues canje-canje a wani angular, bebop style.
  • "Lokacin da Lights Are Low" (Benny Carter) (FLT:1)) Wani matsakaiciyar dutse mai matsakaici tare da kwanciyar hankali, layi na waƙa. Siffar AABA da tsarkakakken tsarin jituwa ya sa ya zama mai sauƙi amma mai ƙwarewa. Cikakke don yin aiki da daidaitattun alaƙar sikelin. Sautin ya fi amfani da ƙwayoyin diatonic tare da wasu na biyu, yana mai da shi manufa ga masu haɓaka matsakaici don bincika ci gaban waƙa. Sautin kuma yana zaune cikin kwanciyar hankali a tsakiyar rijistar duk kayan aikin lasifika.
  • "The Folks Who Live on the Hill" (Jerome Kern / Oscar Hammerstein II) – A seldom-played ballad with a long-form structure (32-bar ABAC) and a beautiful ascending melody that builds emotional intensity. Brass players can work on sustained phrasing and dynamic control whileexploring the tune’s emotional depth. The harmony moves largely by step, providing a smooth foundation for lyrical solos. This tune works especially well as a feature for a solo flugelhorn or trombone.

Hanyoyi Masu Inganci na Tsara Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyi

Thoughtful arrangement is key to making uncommon standards shine. The following approaches are tailored specifically to the strengths and limitations of brass instruments.

Sauti da kuma rarraba waƙa

Trumpets a zahiri suna nunawa, amma la'akari da ba da waƙa ga trombone ko ƙahon Faransa don buɗewa mai dumi, mai zurfi. Daga baya, ba da waƙa ga ƙahon don gina ƙarfi. ninka waƙa a cikin octaves ko uku na iya haifar da iko, amma amfani da ƙarancin ƙarfi don kiyaye tasiri. Don matakai masu ɗorewa, raba waƙa tsakanin sassan don ba wa masu kunnawa damar numfashi ba tare da rasa layin ba. Kula da ƙarar murya: kiyaye muryar soprano (sau da yawa ƙahon farko) a sama da alto (ƙahon na biyu) don kula da tsabta.

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Kayan aikin jan ƙarfe suna da kyau a cikin jituwa mai kyau (na biyu, uku, huɗu) waɗanda ke samar da wadataccen sauti. Yi amfani da waɗannan don lokutan ƙarshe ko don ƙirƙirar tasirin big band. Don bambanci, yi amfani da murya mai buɗewa (na biyar, na shida, octaves) don ba da damar layin mutum don numfashi da ƙirƙirar yanayin sarari. Gwada tare da saukowar-2 da saukowar-3 don canza launi ba tare da rasa tushen jituwa ba. Misali, saukowar saukowar-2 akan madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin bakwai na iya sauƙaƙa ƙarancin tsarin sama mai saukowa.

Magana da kuma kira da amsa

Ƙara layin counter musamman wanda ke motsawa a cikin motsi na akasin babban waƙa ƙara zurfin da sha'awa. Sashin kira da amsa tsakanin sashin ƙaho da ƙananan ƙarfe na iya yin amfani da makamashi da nuna ƙwarewar sashe. Wannan fasaha tana aiki sosai a kan waƙoƙi kamar "Dewey Square" ko "Conception".

Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙ

Harmoni (daidai, kofin, Harmon) suna canza yanayin ƙarfe sosai. Ku gabatar da ƙaho mai ƙwanƙwasawa don sautin taushi, mai rufewa a cikin wani ballad kamar "Darn That Dream". Harmoni taushi tare da cire ƙwanƙwasa yana haifar da ƙarfin zuciya, yanke sautin cikakke don kiran chorus a cikin "Old Devil Moon". Flutter-tonguing ko half-valve effects na iya ƙara mamaki da ƙira, amma amfani da su a hankali don kiyaye tasirin su. Don trombones, mai plunger mute na iya ƙirƙirar wah-wah effects wanda ke tunatar da farkon jazz. Gwada tare da bambancin haɗin bakin a cikin ƙungiyar don ƙirƙirar haɗin haɗin haɗin timbral na musamman.

Ƙarfafawa da Ƙarfafawa Suna da Muhimmanci

Kayan aikin jan ƙarfe na iya rinjayarwa cikin sauƙi. Rubuta alamun da ke ba da damar bambanci fara wani sashe a FLT:0 piano kuma gina sannu a hankali. Yi amfani da staccato da marcato azanci don bayyana siffofin da ke da saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin sa yana saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin saurin sa

Abubuwan da Aka Yi a Sashe da Ƙananan Ƙungiyoyi

Rage dukan ƙungiyar zuwa ƙananan raka'a (misali, trio na ƙaho, trombone, da ƙaho na Faransa) don nuna zane daban-daban da ba wa masu wasa hutawa. Wannan hanyar kuma tana hana gajiya mai sauraro kuma tana ƙara bambanci ga tsari. Tsarin " gayyata " na iya farawa da ɗan ƙaramin trio kafin ƙungiyar ta shiga gadar. Nuna ƙananan ƙarfe kawai akan wani ɓangaren waƙa don ƙara nauyi da zurfin. Yi la'akari da amfani da flugelhorn don duhu, sautin jagora mai laushi a cikin sassan da suka fi taushi.

Ƙarfafa Ƙwarewar Ingantawa a Kan Saƙo da Ba a San Su ba

Yin amfani da wannan fasaha zai iya sa mutane su yi farin ciki sosai sa'ad da suke yin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa.

Nazarin Jiki

Fahimci ci gaban kirtani sosai. Gano cibiyoyin maɓalli, masu rinjaye na biyu, kirtani masu canzawa, da kowane musayar modal. Rubuta zaɓuɓɓukan sikelin don kowane kirtani ko rukunin sanduna. Misali, a kan "Stablemates", daidaitawa daga C ƙarami zuwa D babban yana buƙatar yin taswirar ma'auni mai kyau na canje-canje da kuma dangantaka mai girma / ƙarami. Createirƙiri taswirar hanya mai jituwa wanda ke nuna mahimman canje-canje, kamar juyawa da juyawa inda tashin hankali ke ginawa da warwarewa.

Rubutun Littafi Mai Tsarki a matsayin Kayan Aiki

Saurari rikodin da mawaki ya yi ko kuma manyan masu haɓaka da suka yi rikodin shi. Sauraron har ma da wasu jimloli kaɗan ya nuna layin magana, sautin, da kuma magana. Don "Conception", nazarin solo na Chet Baker ko Art Farmer. Don "Daga gayyata", sigar John Coltrane ita ce babban darasi a cikin haɓaka motsa jiki da binciken jituwa. Sauraron ba kawai bayanin ba amma har ma da magana, vibrato, da saitin sautin. Rubuta rubutun kuma bincika su don maimaitawa.

Ka Yi Koyi Tare da 'Yan'uwanka

Yi amfani da iReal Pro ko waƙa ta baya don yin layin sassan da suka fi wuya. Fara a hankali, mai da hankali kan bayyanar da lokaci. Sannu a hankali ƙara saurin yayin da kake kula da fasaha mai sauƙi. Maimaitawa yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka ci gaba. Mayar da hankali kan yankunan matsala kamar canje-canje masu saurin sautin sauti ko sa hannu na maɓalli na yau da kullun. Yi aiki da haɓaka kawai a kan sautin biyu a lokaci ɗaya, faɗaɗa zuwa huɗu, sannan cikakken tsari. Rubuta kanka da kimanta layinka don sha'awar waƙa da daidaito na jituwa.

Haɗa Kai da Sautin

A karfi improvisation sau da yawa ya koma zuwa asali melody. Koyi da tune ta contour da kuma amfani da rhythmic jigogi a matsayin springboard. Wannan hanya haifar da jituwa da kuma sa ka solo sauti wani ɓangare na dukan tsari. Don "Lokacin da Lights ne Low", amfani da farko uku-nuffance ra'ayin a matsayin tushen ga wani tsawo magana. Don "Dewey Square", hada da arpeggiated blues siffar a cikin solo don kula da stylistic dangane.

Bambancin Da Ya Yi Wa Jiki

Yawancin masu haɓaka suna makale a cikin layi na takwas mai gudana. Yi aiki ta amfani da syncopation, rests, da tsawo daban-daban na sautin. Ga lasifika, haɗa sarari yana da tasiri musammanyana bawa masu sauraro damar ɗaukar jituwa da haɓaka tashin hankali. Yi wasa da dogon sautin, gajeren fashewa, da duk abin da ke tsakanin. Gwada tare da motsa rhythmic: fara magana akan da na bugun ɗaya maimakon downbeat. Yi amfani da triplets da sautin sautin don karya kwararar sautin takwas. Masu wasan lasifika kuma zasu iya amfani da sautin numfashi don ƙara bugun sautin sautin.

Gina da kuma Ci gaban Fassara

Maimakon ƙoƙarin yin wasa a kan dukkan nau'i a lokaci guda, karya shi zuwa ƙananan ɓangarori (misali, sashin A kawai). Gina gajeren magana mai gamsarwa wanda ya dace da canje-canje. Sa'an nan kuma haɗa waɗannan maganganun tare, ta amfani da jerin ko bambancin don ƙirƙirar ci gaba mai ma'ana. Wannan hanyar tana hana jin ɓacewa kuma tana haɓaka haɗin kai na waƙa. Don "Old Devil Moon", mai da hankali kan sashin A mai haske, buɗe jituwa kafin magance saurin daidaitawa. Da zarar ya dace, haɗa sassan cikin cikakken solo. Yi aiki da ɗaukar motsi iri ɗaya ta hanyar duka tsari, daidaita shi don dacewa da kowane kirtani.

Ƙarin albarkatun don masu shirya kayan haɗin jan ƙarfe

Don ƙarin bincika ƙa'idodi da kuma hanyoyin da ba a saba da su ba, ka duba waɗannan kafofin:

  • The Jazz Standards: A Guide to the Repertoire by Ted Gioia Bayani mai tushe wanda ya haɗa da bayanan tarihi da kuma shawarar rikodin ɗaruruwan waƙoƙi.
  • FLT:0 Takardun jagora da rubutun a kan FLT: 2 Jazz Studies Online yana ba da albarkatu kyauta don yawancin ƙa'idodi, gami da sautunan rare.
  • An samo shirye-shiryen ƙungiyar Brass daga masu wallafa kamar Hal Leonard bincika "ƙungiyoyin jazz brass" don nemo jadawalin da aka rubuta a gaba wanda zai iya zama samfuran magana da tsari.
  • FLT:0 Jazz Arranging Techniques by Gary Lindsay Cikakken littafin koyarwa wanda ya shafi magana, ƙungiyar mawaƙa, da tsari, tare da motsa jiki da aka tsara don manyan ƙungiyoyi da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi.

Har ila yau, la'akari da sauraron shahararrun rukuni na ƙarfe waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙa'idodin jazz, kamar FLT: 0, kamar FLT: 1 ko FLT: 2 Brass Band of Battle Creek, don wahayi game da murya da kuzari. Kula da yadda suke kula da daidaiton ƙungiyar, sararin samaniya, da bambanci mai ƙarfi.

Ƙarshe: Albarkar Bincike

Ta hanyar yin tafiya daga jerin ƙa'idodin jazz na yau da kullun alama ce ta balaga ta kiɗa. Yana nuna cewa ƙungiyar tana shirye ta saka ƙarin aiki don gano kiɗa mai ƙalubale, kyakkyawa, da kuma jin ƙaranci. Sautin waƙa guda takwas da aka jera a nan sune kawai farawa. Tare da zaɓi mai kyau, tsari mai ƙwarewa, da kuma ƙwarewa, kowane ƙungiyar ƙarfe na iya numfasa sabon rai cikin waɗannan ɓoyayyun dukiyoyi. Sakamakon zai zama mai wadataccen kundin, ƙwarewar kiɗa, da kuma wasan kwaikwayon da ke barin ra'ayi mai ɗorewa a kan kowane mai sauraro.

Ku dauki lokaci don yin bincike a cikin tarihin, ku saurari rikodin rare, kuma ku daidaita waɗannan kayan da ba a darajarsu ba don ƙungiyar ku. Kyaututtuka suna da kyau sosai ga ƙoƙarin kuBa za ku girma kawai a matsayin mawaƙa ba amma har ma ku taimaka wajen kiyaye al'adun jazz mai rayarwa da ci gaba da faɗaɗa. Masu sauraron ku za su gode muku don sabbin sautunan da kuma wasan kwaikwayon mai ban sha'awa wanda kawai ya zo daga yin kiɗa da gaske kuka yi imani da shi.